Staphylococcus gallinarum

General Information

Staphylococcus gallinarum is a member of the genus Staphylococcus, which is known for its diverse range of species that inhabit various environments. This particular species is notable for its association with avian hosts, primarily chickens, from which it derives its name. S. gallinarum has been isolated from the skin and feathers of poultry, and it is of interest due to its potential role in avian health and disease. One of the key characteristics of S. gallinarum is its ability to adapt to the avian microbiome, which makes it a subject of study in veterinary microbiology. Researchers are particularly interested in its interactions with other microorganisms in the avian environment and its potential impact on poultry farming. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into disease prevention and control in poultry, which is crucial for maintaining the health of flocks and ensuring the safety of poultry products. Additionally, S. gallinarum is studied for its antibiotic resistance profiles, which is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The ability of this species to harbor and potentially transfer resistance genes makes it an important organism for monitoring in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In summary, Staphylococcus gallinarum is a valuable organism for research due to its unique adaptation to avian hosts, its role in the avian microbiome, and its implications for antibiotic resistance. These characteristics make it an important species for studies aimed at improving poultry health and understanding microbial ecology in avian environments.

Staphylococcus gallinarum is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is primarily associated with avian species, particularly poultry. This organism is notable for its role as a commensal inhabitant of the skin and mucous membranes of birds, which makes it an interesting subject for studying host-microbe interactions in avian species. Its ability to colonize the skin without causing disease in healthy birds highlights its potential as a model organism for understanding microbial ecology in avian hosts. One of the unique aspects of S. gallinarum is its potential to act as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised or stressed birds. This dual role as both a commensal and a pathogen provides valuable insights into the dynamics of microbial communities and the factors that can lead to disease emergence. Research into S. gallinarum can contribute to our understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, as some strains have shown resistance to multiple antibiotics, making it a relevant organism in the context of veterinary medicine and public health. Furthermore, the genetic and phenotypic diversity observed in S. gallinarum strains can be leveraged to study evolutionary adaptations in response to environmental pressures. This adaptability makes it a significant organism for research in microbial evolution and the development of new therapeutic strategies. Overall, Staphylococcus gallinarum serves as a valuable model for exploring the complexities of microbial life in avian hosts and the implications for animal health and disease management.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Bacillota

Class: Bacilli

Order: Bacillales

Family: Staphylococcaceae

Genus: Staphylococcus

Species: Staphylococcus gallinarum

NCBI ID

1293

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/029/774/255/GCF_029774255.1_ASM2977425v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_029774255.1_ASM2977425v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Staphylococcus gallinarum is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) that is primarily associated with poultry but has been increasingly recognized in human clinical settings. Clinical implications of S. gallinarum include its role as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients. It has been implicated in infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and skin infections, especially in individuals with underlying health conditions or those with implanted medical devices. One of the significant concerns regarding S. gallinarum is its potential for antimicrobial resistance. This organism has shown resistance to multiple antibiotics, including methicillin, which complicates treatment options. The presence of resistance genes, such as mecA, has been documented, raising alarms about its ability to evade standard therapeutic regimens. In terms of immune evasion, S. gallinarum employs various strategies, including the production of biofilms, which enhance its survival on medical devices and contribute to persistent infections. The biofilm formation not only protects the bacteria from the host's immune response but also from the effects of antibiotics, making infections difficult to eradicate. While S. gallinarum is not commonly associated with outbreaks, its increasing isolation from clinical specimens highlights the need for vigilance in monitoring its prevalence and resistance patterns. Understanding the clinical relevance of S. gallinarum is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in those affected by this opportunistic pathogen.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Staphylococcus gallinarum is primarily associated with avian habitats, particularly in the gastrointestinal tracts of birds. This microorganism is commonly found in the intestines of poultry, where it plays a significant role in the digestive processes of its avian hosts. Its presence in these environments is crucial for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the synthesis of essential nutrients, contributing to the overall health of the birds. In addition to its role in the gut microbiome, S. gallinarum can also be found in soil and water environments, where it may interact with various organic materials. These interactions can lead to the degradation of organic matter, thus playing a part in nutrient cycling within these ecosystems. Notably, S. gallinarum has been observed to exhibit symbiotic relationships with its avian hosts, aiding in the prevention of pathogenic infections by outcompeting harmful bacteria for resources. This competitive exclusion is vital for maintaining the health of bird populations, particularly in densely populated farming environments. Furthermore, this microorganism demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions, including changes in pH and temperature, which allows it to thrive in diverse habitats. Its resilience and adaptability underscore its importance in both the avian gut and broader ecological contexts.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Staphylococcus gallinarum has shown potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and waste management. This organism is known for its ability to participate in fermentation processes, which can be harnessed for the production of certain metabolites and bioactive compounds. For instance, it has been studied for its role in the fermentation of poultry products, contributing to the development of flavor compounds and preservation methods. In the realm of waste management, Staphylococcus gallinarum has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of organic waste materials. This can be particularly useful in composting processes, where the microorganism aids in the decomposition of organic matter, thus enhancing nutrient cycling and soil health. Moreover, there is ongoing research into the pharmaceutical development potential of Staphylococcus gallinarum, particularly in the production of antimicrobial compounds. Its enzymatic activity may lead to the discovery of novel antibiotics or other therapeutic agents, which could be significant in combating antibiotic resistance. Overall, the applications of Staphylococcus gallinarum in these industries highlight its versatility and importance in sustainable practices and innovative product development.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 11

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemma-7b-it	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	gamma	beta ✗	beta ✗	beta ✗	gamma ✓	gamma ✓	N/A	beta ✗	beta ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	coccus	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	bacillus ✗	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓

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