Polynucleobacter arcticus

General Information

Polynucleobacter arcticus is a fascinating microorganism that has garnered significant interest due to its unique adaptations to extreme environments. This bacterium was first isolated from Arctic freshwater habitats, which are characterized by their cold temperatures and low nutrient availability. One of the most remarkable features of P. arcticus is its ability to thrive in such harsh conditions, making it a valuable model for studying microbial life in extreme environments. P. arcticus exhibits a streamlined genome, which is a common trait among bacteria that have adapted to nutrient-poor environments. This streamlined genome is indicative of a highly specialized lifestyle, where the organism has shed non-essential genes to optimize its metabolic efficiency. The genome of P. arcticus is particularly interesting to researchers because it provides insights into the genetic basis of cold adaptation and survival in oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) conditions. Another intriguing aspect of P. arcticus is its role in the microbial ecology of Arctic freshwater systems. As a member of the Polynucleobacter genus, it is part of a group of bacteria that are known to be important players in the carbon cycle, particularly in the degradation of organic matter. Understanding the ecological role of P. arcticus can help scientists better comprehend the dynamics of carbon cycling in cold, freshwater ecosystems, which is crucial in the context of global climate change. In summary, Polynucleobacter arcticus is a microorganism of significant scientific interest due to its adaptations to extreme cold environments, its streamlined genome, and its ecological role in Arctic freshwater systems. These characteristics make it a valuable subject for research in microbial ecology, evolutionary biology, and environmental science.

Polynucleobacter arcticus is a fascinating freshwater bacterium that has garnered attention due to its unique ecological niche and metabolic capabilities. This organism is primarily found in cold, oligotrophic environments, particularly in Arctic and Antarctic regions, which makes it an important subject of study in understanding microbial life in extreme conditions. Its ability to thrive in low-nutrient waters highlights its adaptations to nutrient scarcity, making it a model organism for research on microbial survival strategies. One of the most interesting aspects of Polynucleobacter arcticus is its role in the aquatic ecosystem. It is known to participate in the cycling of organic matter and nutrients, contributing to the overall health of freshwater ecosystems. This bacterium is also a member of the larger Polynucleobacter genus, which is characterized by its diverse metabolic pathways, including the ability to utilize various organic compounds. From a research perspective, Polynucleobacter arcticus serves as a valuable organism for studying microbial ecology, biogeochemical cycles, and the impacts of climate change on microbial communities. Its presence in polar regions makes it particularly relevant for understanding how microbial life adapts to and influences the dynamics of cold environments. Furthermore, the genomic and metabolic studies of this bacterium can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape microbial diversity in extreme habitats. Overall, Polynucleobacter arcticus stands out as a significant player in the microbial world, with implications for both ecological research and our understanding of life in extreme conditions.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Betaproteobacteria

Order: Burkholderiales

Family: Burkholderiaceae

Genus: Polynucleobacter

Species: Polynucleobacter arcticus

NCBI ID

1743165

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/013/307/205/GCA_013307205.1_ASM1330720v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_013307205.1_ASM1330720v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Polynucleobacter arcticus is a freshwater bacterium that has garnered interest due to its potential implications in human health and environmental microbiology. While it is primarily known for its role in aquatic ecosystems, its clinical relevance is emerging, particularly in the context of microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycles. Clinical implications of Polynucleobacter arcticus include its potential role in bioindicators of freshwater quality, which can indirectly affect human health through waterborne diseases. Its presence in freshwater systems may influence the dynamics of other microbial communities, including pathogenic organisms. Furthermore, studies have suggested that certain strains of Polynucleobacter may exhibit antimicrobial properties, which could be harnessed for therapeutic applications. However, the specific mechanisms of pathogenicity or immune evasion strategies in relation to human health remain largely unexplored. Currently, there are no well-documented associations of Polynucleobacter arcticus with disease outbreaks or infections in humans. Its significance is more pronounced in ecological studies rather than direct clinical settings. As research progresses, the understanding of its interactions with human-associated microbiomes and potential applications in probiotics or bioremediation may provide further insights into its clinical relevance.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Polynucleobacter arcticus is a freshwater bacterium primarily found in oligotrophic lakes and high-latitude freshwater ecosystems. This microorganism thrives in environments characterized by low nutrient availability and cold temperatures, often associated with glacial meltwater and tundra regions. Its ecological niche is significant as it plays a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients, particularly in the breakdown of organic matter and the recycling of carbon and nitrogen within these ecosystems. In these cold freshwater habitats, P. arcticus exhibits remarkable adaptations to extreme conditions, including the ability to withstand low temperatures and varying light conditions. It often forms symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms, contributing to the overall microbial community structure and functioning. This bacterium is also known to interact with phytoplankton, influencing primary production and nutrient dynamics in the water column. Furthermore, Polynucleobacter arcticus is an important indicator species for assessing the health of freshwater biomes, as its presence and abundance can reflect changes in environmental conditions, such as climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Its role in biogeochemical cycles underscores its importance in maintaining the ecological balance within these fragile ecosystems.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Polynucleobacter arcticus has shown significant potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology, waste management, and environmental monitoring. This bacterium is known for its role in biodegradation, where it contributes to the breakdown of organic matter in aquatic environments, thus playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling. Its ability to thrive in cold, freshwater ecosystems makes it particularly valuable for studying microbial processes in extreme conditions. In the realm of biotechnology, Polynucleobacter arcticus can be utilized in bioremediation efforts, where it aids in the detoxification of polluted water bodies by degrading harmful substances. This capability is essential for restoring ecosystems affected by industrial waste and agricultural runoff. Moreover, its metabolic pathways are of interest for biofuel production, as certain strains may be harnessed for the conversion of biomass into biofuels through fermentation processes. The efficiency of these pathways can lead to more sustainable energy solutions. In pharmaceutical development, the unique biochemical properties of Polynucleobacter arcticus can be explored for the production of novel compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Its enzymatic activities may also be investigated for the development of new biocatalysts in various chemical processes. Overall, Polynucleobacter arcticus exemplifies the diverse applications of microorganisms in addressing environmental challenges and advancing industrial processes.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 3

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	true	true	false	true	true	false	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true
Host association	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	spirillum ✗	spirillum ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗

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