Streptomyces clavuligerus

General Information

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a fascinating microorganism primarily known for its production of clavulanic acid, a potent β-lactamase inhibitor that is widely used in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to overcome antibiotic resistance. This makes S. clavuligerus extremely valuable in the pharmaceutical industry. Another remarkable feature of S. clavuligerus is its ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including cephamycin C, a type of cephalosporin antibiotic. The organism's complex secondary metabolism is of great interest to researchers aiming to discover new antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. From a genetic perspective, S. clavuligerus has a large and complex genome that encodes numerous biosynthetic gene clusters. These clusters are responsible for the synthesis of its diverse array of secondary metabolites. The study of these gene clusters can provide insights into the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms that control the production of these valuable compounds. Additionally, S. clavuligerus exhibits a filamentous growth form, which is characteristic of the genus Streptomyces. This growth form is associated with the production of spores and the formation of a mycelial network, which can be advantageous for the organism's survival and colonization in various environments. In summary, Streptomyces clavuligerus is a microorganism of significant interest due to its ability to produce medically important compounds like clavulanic acid and cephamycin C, its complex and informative genome, and its unique filamentous growth form. These characteristics make it a valuable subject for ongoing research in microbiology, genetics, and pharmaceutical sciences.

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a remarkable actinobacterium known for its ability to produce a variety of bioactive compounds, most notably clavulanic acid, a potent β-lactamase inhibitor. This unique characteristic makes S. clavuligerus invaluable in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the development of antibiotics that can overcome bacterial resistance. Clavulanic acid is often combined with penicillin antibiotics to enhance their efficacy against resistant strains of bacteria, making this organism a critical player in the fight against antibiotic resistance. In addition to its antibiotic production, S. clavuligerus is also notable for its complex secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. The organism is capable of producing a range of other compounds, including various enzymes and antimicrobial agents, which have potential applications in agriculture and medicine. Its ability to thrive in diverse environments, including soil and decaying organic matter, contributes to its ecological significance as a decomposer and nutrient recycler. Furthermore, the genetic and metabolic pathways of S. clavuligerus have been extensively studied, providing insights into the mechanisms of antibiotic production and resistance. This research has implications for synthetic biology and the development of novel antibiotics, making S. clavuligerus a key organism in microbiological and pharmaceutical research. Its genome has been sequenced, allowing for advanced studies in genetic engineering and the exploration of its biosynthetic capabilities, which could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Overall, Streptomyces clavuligerus stands out not only for its practical applications in medicine but also for its contributions to our understanding of microbial ecology and biotechnology.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Kitasatosporales

Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces

Species: Streptomyces clavuligerus

NCBI ID

1901

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/015/767/775/GCA_015767775.1_ASM1576777v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_015767775.1_ASM1576777v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Streptomyces clavuligerus is primarily known for its role in the production of clavulanic acid, a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor that is used in combination with various beta-lactam antibiotics to enhance their efficacy against resistant bacterial strains. This characteristic makes S. clavuligerus clinically significant in the treatment of infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, which are often resistant to standard antibiotic therapies. In terms of pathogenicity, S. clavuligerus itself is not typically associated with human disease; however, its metabolic products have been harnessed to combat infections. The use of clavulanic acid in medications such as amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) has been instrumental in managing a range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Moreover, the organism's ability to produce other bioactive compounds has led to ongoing research into its potential applications in antimicrobial therapy and antitumor agents. While S. clavuligerus is not a pathogen, its contributions to antibiotic development underscore its importance in modern medicine. In terms of immune evasion, S. clavuligerus does not exhibit mechanisms typically associated with pathogenic bacteria, as it is primarily a soil-dwelling organism. However, the resistance mechanisms it helps combat in other bacteria highlight the ongoing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings. Overall, Streptomyces clavuligerus plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics, making it a significant organism in the fight against bacterial infections and a valuable resource in pharmaceutical development.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a filamentous bacterium commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This microorganism thrives in nutrient-rich environments where it plays a crucial role in the decomposition of organic materials, contributing to nutrient cycling within the ecosystem. Its ability to produce a variety of bioactive compounds, including the well-known antibiotic clavulanic acid, highlights its significance in microbial interactions and antibiotic production within its habitat. In its natural habitat, Streptomyces clavuligerus engages in competitive interactions with other soil microorganisms, often outcompeting them for resources. This competition can lead to the suppression of pathogenic bacteria, thereby enhancing soil health and plant growth. Additionally, it forms symbiotic relationships with various plants, aiding in their growth by promoting nutrient availability through its metabolic activities. The organism is also adapted to survive in varied environmental conditions, including fluctuations in moisture and temperature, which are common in its native habitats. Its resilience and versatility make it a key player in maintaining the ecological balance within terrestrial biomes, particularly in areas rich in organic matter. Overall, Streptomyces clavuligerus exemplifies the intricate relationships and ecological roles that microorganisms play in their respective biomes.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Streptomyces clavuligerus is renowned for its significant contributions to various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. One of its most notable roles is in the production of beta-lactam antibiotics, specifically clavulanic acid, which is used to inhibit beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria. This process involves fermentation, where S. clavuligerus is cultivated in controlled environments to maximize the yield of clavulanic acid, making it a crucial component in combination therapies for treating bacterial infections. In addition to its pharmaceutical applications, S. clavuligerus has potential in biodegradation processes. It can break down complex organic compounds, which is beneficial in waste management strategies aimed at reducing environmental pollution. The organism's enzymatic capabilities allow it to degrade various pollutants, contributing to bioremediation efforts in contaminated sites. Furthermore, S. clavuligerus is also explored for its role in biofuel production. Its metabolic pathways can be harnessed to convert biomass into biofuels through fermentation processes, providing a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The ability to produce enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials positions this microorganism as a valuable asset in the bioenergy sector. Overall, Streptomyces clavuligerus exemplifies the versatility of actinobacteria in industrial applications, particularly in pharmaceutical development, waste management, and biofuel production, showcasing its importance in modern biotechnology.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 11

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-flash-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 3 ✗	biosafety level 3 ✗
Health association	N/A	false	true	false	false	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	alpha	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	tail	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗

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