Streptomyces exfoliatus

General Information

Streptomyces exfoliatus is a fascinating microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces, which is renowned for its prolific production of bioactive compounds. One of the most noteworthy characteristics of S. exfoliatus is its ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, antifungals, and antitumor agents. This makes it a valuable organism in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceutical research. Streptomyces species are known for their complex life cycle, which includes the formation of a mycelium and spore chains. This complex morphology is not only interesting from a biological standpoint but also plays a role in the organism's ability to produce secondary metabolites. The production of these compounds is often linked to the organism's developmental stages, making S. exfoliatus a model organism for studying the regulation of secondary metabolism. Another unique feature of S. exfoliatus is its ability to degrade a wide range of organic materials. This makes it an important player in soil ecosystems, contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients. Its enzymatic capabilities are also of interest for industrial applications, such as the breakdown of complex polymers in waste management and bioremediation. In summary, Streptomyces exfoliatus is a microorganism of significant interest due to its diverse metabolic capabilities, production of valuable secondary metabolites, and role in environmental processes. Its study not only advances our understanding of microbial ecology and physiology but also holds potential for the development of new biotechnological applications.

Streptomyces exfoliatus is a fascinating actinobacterium known for its remarkable ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics and antifungal agents. This organism is particularly interesting due to its unique metabolic pathways that allow it to synthesize secondary metabolites, which are crucial in pharmaceutical applications. The production of these compounds makes S. exfoliatus a valuable resource in the search for new drugs, especially in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. One of the standout features of S. exfoliatus is its adaptability to various environmental conditions, which enables it to thrive in different ecological niches. This adaptability is linked to its complex genetic makeup, which includes numerous biosynthetic gene clusters that can be activated under specific conditions. Researchers are particularly interested in these gene clusters as they hold the potential for discovering novel compounds with therapeutic properties. Additionally, S. exfoliatus has been studied for its role in soil health and nutrient cycling, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Its ability to decompose organic matter and promote plant growth through the production of growth-promoting substances highlights its ecological importance. Overall, Streptomyces exfoliatus stands out not only for its biochemical capabilities but also for its contributions to both medicine and environmental science.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Kitasatosporales

Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces

Species: Streptomyces exfoliatus

NCBI ID

1905

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/000/725/545/GCA_000725545.1_Doro.v1.0

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_000725545.1_Doro.v1.0_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Streptomyces exfoliatus is a member of the genus Streptomyces, which is known for its significant role in the production of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. While S. exfoliatus itself is not commonly associated with human disease, its relatives are well-documented for their antimicrobial properties and potential applications in medicine. This organism is primarily found in soil and is part of the natural microbiota, contributing to the biodegradation of organic materials and the cycling of nutrients in the environment. In terms of clinical relevance, S. exfoliatus has been studied for its ability to produce various secondary metabolites, which may have implications in the development of new therapeutics and antibiotics. The genus Streptomyces is renowned for its ability to produce over two-thirds of clinically useful antibiotics, including streptomycin and tetracycline. Therefore, understanding the metabolic pathways and genetic makeup of S. exfoliatus could lead to the discovery of novel compounds that may combat antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, while S. exfoliatus is not typically pathogenic, the potential for opportunistic infections exists, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The organism's ability to evade the immune response through various mechanisms, such as the production of biofilms and the secretion of enzymes that degrade host tissues, is an area of ongoing research. In summary, while Streptomyces exfoliatus may not be directly linked to specific diseases, its contributions to antibiotic production and its ecological role underscore its importance in both health and disease contexts. Further studies could elucidate its potential in medical applications and its role in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Streptomyces exfoliatus is a filamentous bacterium commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter, particularly in temperate and tropical regions. This microorganism thrives in nutrient-rich environments where it plays a crucial role in the decomposition of organic materials, contributing to nutrient cycling within the ecosystem. Its ability to degrade complex organic compounds makes it an essential player in the soil microbiome, where it interacts with various other microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, to enhance soil fertility and structure. In addition to its role in decomposition, Streptomyces exfoliatus is known for its production of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. This characteristic not only aids in its survival by inhibiting competing microbial species but also highlights its importance in natural ecosystems as a source of antimicrobial agents. The interactions it has with plants, through rhizosphere colonization, can promote plant health and growth, showcasing a form of symbiosis that benefits both the microorganism and the host plants. Overall, Streptomyces exfoliatus exemplifies the intricate relationships within terrestrial biomes, where it contributes to ecological balance, nutrient cycling, and the health of plant communities.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Streptomyces exfoliatus is renowned for its significant contributions to various industrial applications. One of the most notable areas is in pharmaceutical development, where Streptomyces exfoliatus is known to produce a range of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. This organism is particularly famous for its ability to synthesize compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth, making it a valuable resource in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The fermentation process utilized in the production of these antibiotics involves cultivating Streptomyces exfoliatus in controlled environments to maximize yield and potency of the desired compounds. In addition to its pharmaceutical applications, Streptomyces exfoliatus plays a role in biotechnology through its enzymatic activities. It produces various enzymes that can be harnessed for industrial processes, such as the breakdown of complex organic materials. This capability is particularly useful in waste management, where the organism can be employed in biodegradation processes to help decompose organic waste, thus contributing to more sustainable waste treatment solutions. Furthermore, Streptomyces exfoliatus has potential in biofuel production. The enzymes produced by this microorganism can facilitate the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars, which can then be transformed into biofuels through subsequent fermentation processes. This application highlights the organism's versatility and importance in the development of renewable energy sources. Overall, Streptomyces exfoliatus exemplifies the intersection of microbiology and industrial innovation, showcasing its utility in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, waste management, and biofuel production through various fermentation, biodegradation, and enzymatic processes.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 10

LLM predicted phenotypes: 3

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/gemini-pro	google/gemma-7b-it	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain positive	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 3 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗
Spore formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	tail	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗

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