Streptomyces griseus

General Information

Streptomyces griseus is a fascinating microorganism renowned for its significant contributions to the field of antibiotics. This soil-dwelling bacterium is particularly notable for being the original source of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis. The discovery of streptomycin marked a pivotal moment in medical history, earning its discoverers the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1952. One of the unique characteristics of S. griseus is its complex life cycle, which includes the formation of a mycelium and spore chains, resembling the growth patterns of fungi. This filamentous growth allows it to efficiently colonize and decompose organic matter in soil, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil health. From a biochemical perspective, S. griseus is a prolific producer of secondary metabolites, which are compounds not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. These metabolites include not only antibiotics but also enzymes and other bioactive compounds that have potential applications in medicine and industry. The ability to produce such a diverse array of compounds makes S. griseus a valuable model organism for studying natural product biosynthesis and genetic regulation. Moreover, the genome of S. griseus has been fully sequenced, providing researchers with a comprehensive blueprint to explore its genetic and metabolic capabilities. This genomic information has facilitated the development of genetic engineering techniques to enhance the production of desirable compounds and to discover new ones. In summary, Streptomyces griseus is a microorganism of immense scientific and medical importance. Its role in the discovery of streptomycin, its complex life cycle, and its capacity to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds underscore its value as a subject of ongoing research and biotechnological innovation.

Streptomyces griseus is a filamentous bacterium renowned for its remarkable ability to produce a wide array of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. One of its most notable contributions to medicine is the production of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis, which has had a profound impact on public health since its discovery in the 1940s. This organism is part of the larger genus Streptomyces, which is known for its complex life cycle and ability to thrive in soil environments, contributing significantly to the natural ecosystem by decomposing organic matter. The unique secondary metabolite production of S. griseus is of great interest to researchers, as it serves as a model organism for studying antibiotic biosynthesis. The genetic and biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis of these compounds are being extensively studied, providing insights into how these natural products can be harnessed or modified for therapeutic use. Furthermore, the ability of S. griseus to produce various enzymes, such as chitinases and cellulases, makes it valuable in biotechnological applications, particularly in the fields of agriculture and waste management. Additionally, Streptomyces griseus has been utilized in the production of antitumor agents and other pharmaceuticals, showcasing its potential in drug discovery and development. Its complex genome, which is rich in genes responsible for secondary metabolite production, continues to be a subject of genomic studies aimed at uncovering new compounds with therapeutic potential. Overall, S. griseus stands out not only for its historical significance in antibiotic discovery but also for its ongoing contributions to biotechnology and medicine.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Kitasatosporales

Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces

Species: Streptomyces griseus

NCBI ID

1911

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/014/655/335/GCA_014655335.1_ASM1465533v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_014655335.1_ASM1465533v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Streptomyces griseus is a significant actinobacterium known for its role in the production of the antibiotic streptomycin, which is crucial in the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. This antibiotic was one of the first effective treatments for tuberculosis, marking a pivotal moment in medical history. Beyond its antibiotic properties, Streptomyces griseus has been studied for its potential in producing other bioactive compounds, which may have applications in cancer therapy and antifungal treatments. In terms of pathogenicity, Streptomyces griseus is generally considered non-pathogenic to humans; however, its ability to produce various secondary metabolites can lead to allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. The organism's role in the environment as a soil bacterium contributes to its ecological importance, particularly in nutrient cycling and soil health. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, the widespread use of streptomycin has led to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria, which poses a significant challenge in clinical settings. This highlights the importance of monitoring and understanding the resistance mechanisms associated with antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. Additionally, research into the use of Streptomyces griseus in probiotics and biotechnology is ongoing, as its metabolites may offer benefits in promoting human health and combating various diseases. Overall, Streptomyces griseus serves as a prime example of how soil microorganisms can have profound implications for human health and disease management.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Streptomyces griseus is a filamentous bacterium commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling and organic decomposition. This microorganism thrives in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in nutrient-rich environments where it can access a variety of organic substrates. Its ability to degrade complex organic compounds makes it a key player in the soil microbiome, contributing to soil health and fertility by breaking down organic materials and releasing essential nutrients back into the ecosystem. In addition to its ecological role, Streptomyces griseus is renowned for its production of antibiotics, particularly streptomycin, which has significant implications for both human health and agricultural practices. This antibiotic production not only aids in the organism's survival by inhibiting competing microorganisms but also highlights its importance in symbiotic relationships within the soil community. By suppressing pathogenic bacteria, Streptomyces griseus helps maintain a balanced microbial ecosystem, promoting plant health and growth. Furthermore, Streptomyces griseus exhibits remarkable environmental adaptability, thriving in a range of pH levels and moisture conditions. Its resilience allows it to colonize various habitats, from arid soils to humid forest floors, making it a versatile organism in diverse ecological niches. Overall, Streptomyces griseus exemplifies the intricate connections within terrestrial biomes, showcasing its vital contributions to both ecological balance and human applications.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Streptomyces griseus is renowned for its significant contributions to various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceutical development, and agriculture. One of the most notable products derived from Streptomyces griseus is the antibiotic streptomycin, which is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. This antibiotic is produced through the fermentation process, where the organism synthesizes the compound under specific growth conditions. In addition to its pharmaceutical applications, Streptomyces griseus plays a crucial role in biodegradation and waste management. The organism is capable of breaking down complex organic materials, making it valuable in the treatment of waste and the remediation of contaminated environments. Its enzymatic activity allows it to degrade various pollutants, contributing to cleaner ecosystems. Furthermore, Streptomyces griseus is involved in the production of various enzymes that have industrial significance. These enzymes can be utilized in processes such as biocatalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals and in the food industry for the production of flavor compounds and food additives. Overall, Streptomyces griseus exemplifies the potential of microorganisms in advancing sustainable practices across multiple industries, showcasing its versatility in applications ranging from pharmaceutical development to environmental management.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 11

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-flash-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/gemma-7b-it	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain variable ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 3 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	tail	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗

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