Photobacterium carnosum

General Information

Photobacterium carnosum is a fascinating microorganism primarily known for its association with meat products, particularly in the context of food spoilage and preservation. This bacterium is part of the family Vibrionaceae and is notable for its ability to thrive in environments with high salt concentrations, which is a characteristic trait of many members of this family. One of the most interesting aspects of Photobacterium carnosum is its role in the spoilage of vacuum-packed meat products. It has been identified as a significant spoilage organism in these contexts due to its ability to grow at low temperatures, which are typically used in meat storage to inhibit microbial growth. This makes Photobacterium carnosum particularly relevant in the food industry, where understanding and controlling spoilage organisms is crucial for extending the shelf life of products and ensuring food safety. Additionally, Photobacterium carnosum is known for producing biogenic amines, such as histamine and tyramine, during the degradation of amino acids in meat. These compounds can have significant implications for food quality and safety, as they can lead to foodborne illnesses if consumed in large quantities. The study of Photobacterium carnosum and its metabolic pathways is therefore of great interest to researchers aiming to develop better preservation techniques and improve food safety standards. From a research perspective, Photobacterium carnosum offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of cold adaptation and spoilage in psychrotrophic bacteria. Its ability to produce biogenic amines also makes it a model organism for studying the biochemical pathways involved in amine production and the factors that influence these processes. Understanding these mechanisms can help in developing targeted strategies to mitigate spoilage and enhance the quality of meat products. In summary, Photobacterium carnosum is a microorganism of significant interest due to its role in meat spoilage, its ability to grow in cold and saline environments, and its production of biogenic amines. These characteristics make it a valuable subject for research aimed at improving food preservation and safety.

Photobacterium carnosum is a fascinating marine bacterium known for its unique biochemical properties and ecological significance. This organism is primarily found in deep-sea environments, particularly associated with fish and other marine organisms. One of its most interesting characteristics is its ability to produce bioluminescence, a feature that not only aids in its survival but also plays a role in the communication and attraction of prey in the dark depths of the ocean. This bioluminescent capability is attributed to the presence of luciferase enzymes, which catalyze the oxidation of luciferin, resulting in the emission of light. In addition to its bioluminescent properties, Photobacterium carnosum has garnered attention for its potential applications in biotechnology and environmental science. The organism's ability to degrade various organic compounds makes it a candidate for bioremediation efforts, particularly in marine environments affected by pollution. Its metabolic pathways are of interest for research into microbial ecology and the cycling of nutrients in oceanic systems. Furthermore, studies on Photobacterium carnosum contribute to our understanding of symbiotic relationships in marine ecosystems, particularly how these bacteria interact with their hosts, such as fish. This interaction can influence the health and behavior of marine organisms, making it a valuable subject for research in marine biology and ecology. Overall, Photobacterium carnosum stands out not only for its unique bioluminescent properties but also for its ecological roles and potential applications in environmental biotechnology.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Vibrionales

Family: Vibrionaceae

Genus: Photobacterium

Species: Photobacterium carnosum

NCBI ID

2023717

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/021/236/965/GCA_021236965.1_ASM2123696v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_021236965.1_ASM2123696v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Photobacterium carnosum is a marine bacterium that has garnered attention for its potential clinical implications, particularly in the context of food safety and human health. It is known to produce bioluminescence and has been associated with spoilage in seafood products, which can lead to foodborne illnesses if consumed. While P. carnosum itself is not typically classified as a human pathogen, its presence in contaminated food can indicate poor hygiene practices and may be linked to the presence of other pathogenic microorganisms. Clinical relevance arises from its role in food spoilage, which can indirectly affect human health by contributing to the risk of gastrointestinal infections caused by other pathogens that thrive in similar environments. Furthermore, the ability of P. carnosum to produce certain enzymes may have implications for antimicrobial resistance, as it can potentially degrade antimicrobial compounds, leading to challenges in food preservation and safety. In terms of immune evasion, while specific mechanisms of P. carnosum are not well-documented, its survival in marine environments suggests adaptations that may allow it to withstand various stressors, including those posed by the host immune system in cases of infection. Overall, while Photobacterium carnosum is not a primary pathogen, its association with food safety and spoilage highlights its importance in the broader context of public health and food microbiology.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Photobacterium carnosum is a marine bacterium commonly found in coastal waters and deep-sea environments. This organism thrives in saltwater habitats, where it plays a significant role in the decomposition of organic matter. Its presence is often associated with fish and other marine organisms, where it contributes to the breakdown of nutrients and the recycling of materials within the ecosystem. Ecological Niches: - Photobacterium carnosum is known for its ability to utilize a variety of organic compounds, making it an important player in the nutrient cycling processes of marine ecosystems. It can be found in sediments and water columns, where it interacts with other microorganisms, contributing to the overall health of the marine biome. Symbiotic Relationships: - This bacterium often engages in symbiotic relationships with marine life, particularly in the digestive systems of fish. It aids in the digestion of food, enhancing nutrient absorption for its host while benefiting from a nutrient-rich environment. Environmental Adaptations: - Photobacterium carnosum exhibits remarkable adaptations to its saline environment, including the ability to withstand varying levels of salinity and temperature. This adaptability allows it to thrive in diverse marine habitats, from shallow coastal areas to the deep ocean. In summary, Photobacterium carnosum is a vital component of marine ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, engaging in symbiotic relationships, and demonstrating significant environmental adaptability.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Photobacterium carnosum has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where Photobacterium carnosum is utilized for its ability to produce bioluminescent compounds. This property can be harnessed in bioluminescent assays for environmental monitoring and detection of pollutants, providing a visual indicator of contamination levels in aquatic environments. In the realm of waste management, Photobacterium carnosum has been studied for its role in biodegradation processes. It can effectively break down organic matter, making it a candidate for use in bioremediation efforts aimed at cleaning up oil spills and other environmental contaminants. Its enzymatic activity contributes to the degradation of complex hydrocarbons, thus facilitating the restoration of affected ecosystems. Furthermore, the organism has potential applications in biofuel production. Through fermentation processes, Photobacterium carnosum can convert organic substrates into biofuels, such as ethanol or biodiesel, thereby contributing to sustainable energy solutions. This capability is particularly valuable in the context of renewable energy initiatives. In pharmaceutical development, the unique metabolic pathways of Photobacterium carnosum may lead to the discovery of novel compounds with antimicrobial properties. Research into its secondary metabolites could yield new drugs or therapeutic agents, addressing the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Overall, Photobacterium carnosum presents a versatile profile with applications spanning biotechnology, waste management, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical development, making it a valuable organism in various industrial sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-pro	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemini-flash-1.5	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	true	false	true	false	false	false	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	alpha	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	beta	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗

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