Campylobacter rectus

General Information

Campylobacter rectus is a fascinating microorganism primarily due to its association with periodontal disease. This bacterium is part of the oral microbiota and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. One of the most intriguing aspects of C. rectus is its ability to invade human gingival epithelial cells, which contributes to its pathogenic potential. Additionally, C. rectus produces a unique set of virulence factors, including a potent cytotoxin that can damage host tissues. This cytotoxin is of particular interest to researchers studying the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity and host interaction. The bacterium's ability to modulate the host immune response further underscores its role in chronic infections and makes it a valuable model for studying host-pathogen interactions. From a genetic perspective, C. rectus possesses a relatively small genome, which has been fully sequenced. This genomic information provides insights into its metabolic pathways and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The presence of genes related to oxidative stress resistance is another notable feature, as it suggests mechanisms by which C. rectus can survive in the inflammatory environment of the periodontal pocket. In summary, Campylobacter rectus is a microorganism of significant interest due to its role in periodontal disease, its unique virulence factors, and its interactions with the host immune system. These characteristics make it a valuable subject for research aimed at understanding bacterial pathogenicity and developing new treatments for periodontal and other related diseases.

Campylobacter rectus is a fascinating bacterium primarily known for its role in human health and disease. This species is part of the Campylobacter genus, which is characterized by its unique spiral shape and microaerophilic nature, thriving in low-oxygen environments. One of the most interesting aspects of C. rectus is its association with periodontal disease. Research has shown that it is often found in the oral cavity, particularly in individuals suffering from periodontitis, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of this condition. Moreover, C. rectus has been studied for its ability to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, which may contribute to its virulence. This characteristic makes it a valuable organism for understanding the mechanisms of bacterial infection and host interaction. The presence of C. rectus in the oral microbiome highlights the complex interplay between oral health and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, as emerging studies suggest a link between periodontal pathogens and heart health. In addition to its clinical significance, C. rectus serves as a model organism for studying the physiology and genetics of Campylobacter species. Its relatively simple growth requirements and well-characterized genome make it an excellent candidate for research into bacterial metabolism and pathogenicity. Overall, Campylobacter rectus stands out not only for its role in oral health but also for its broader implications in microbiology and infectious disease research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Campylobacterota

Class: Epsilonproteobacteria

Order: Campylobacterales

Family: Campylobacteraceae

Genus: Campylobacter

Species: Campylobacter rectus

NCBI ID

203

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/004/803/795/GCF_004803795.1_ASM480379v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_004803795.1_ASM480379v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Campylobacter rectus is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped microorganism that is primarily associated with periodontal disease and has been implicated in various infections in humans. It is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity but can become pathogenic under certain conditions. Clinical studies have shown that C. rectus is often found in higher concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis, suggesting a role in the progression of this disease. The organism is known to produce virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity, including the ability to invade epithelial cells and evade the immune response. In addition to its role in oral health, C. rectus has been associated with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and premature birth, indicating its potential to influence overall health beyond the oral cavity. The bacterium's ability to survive in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract raises concerns about its role in gastrointestinal infections, although its direct involvement in such cases is less well-documented. Moreover, C. rectus exhibits some degree of antimicrobial resistance, which complicates treatment options for infections it may cause. Resistance mechanisms include the production of enzymes that degrade antibiotics and alterations in target sites, making it crucial for healthcare providers to consider this organism when diagnosing and treating related infections. While C. rectus is not commonly used in medical applications like probiotics or vaccines, understanding its pathogenic mechanisms and interactions with the human body is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes in periodontal and systemic diseases.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Campylobacter rectus has shown potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and waste management. This organism is known for its role in fermentation, where it can contribute to the production of certain metabolites that may be useful in food processing and preservation. Its ability to thrive in anaerobic conditions makes it a candidate for processes that require low oxygen environments, which is beneficial in the production of biofuels through anaerobic digestion. In the realm of waste management, Campylobacter rectus has been studied for its capacity to degrade organic matter, making it a potential agent in biodegradation processes. This can be particularly useful in treating wastewater and reducing the environmental impact of organic waste. Moreover, there is ongoing research into the pharmaceutical development potential of Campylobacter rectus, as certain strains may produce bioactive compounds that could lead to the development of new antibiotics or other therapeutic agents. The enzymatic activity of this microorganism is also of interest, as it may facilitate various biochemical reactions that are valuable in industrial applications. Overall, while Campylobacter rectus is primarily recognized for its pathogenicity in humans, its industrial applications in biotechnology, waste management, and pharmaceutical development highlight its versatility and potential benefits in various sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 11

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemma-7b-it	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o
Motility	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	anaerobic	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✗	aerobic ✗	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	alpha	N/A	N/A	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	beta	beta	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	spirillum	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓

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