Planococcus maitriensis

General Information

Planococcus maitriensis is a fascinating microorganism that has garnered attention due to its unique adaptations and potential applications. This bacterium was originally isolated from the Antarctic environment, which underscores its ability to thrive in extreme conditions. One of the most remarkable features of P. maitriensis is its psychrotolerance, meaning it can survive and grow at very low temperatures, a trait that is particularly valuable for studying microbial life in polar regions and other cold environments. Additionally, Planococcus maitriensis exhibits a high degree of salt tolerance, making it a halotolerant organism. This characteristic is significant for research into microbial life in saline environments, such as salt lakes and marine ecosystems. The ability to withstand both cold and high salinity makes P. maitriensis an excellent model organism for studying extremophiles and their survival mechanisms. From a biotechnological perspective, P. maitriensis holds promise due to its production of cold-active enzymes. These enzymes are of great interest for industrial applications where processes need to occur at low temperatures, such as in the food industry for the preservation of flavors and in bioremediation efforts in cold environments. In summary, Planococcus maitriensis is a microorganism of significant interest due to its psychrotolerance, halotolerance, and the production of cold-active enzymes. These traits not only make it a valuable subject for scientific research but also highlight its potential for various industrial applications.**

Planococcus maitriensis is a fascinating halophilic bacterium that was first isolated from a hypersaline environment, specifically from the salt flats of the Indian subcontinent. This organism is particularly interesting due to its ability to thrive in extreme saline conditions, which makes it a valuable model for studying microbial life in high-salt environments. Its unique adaptations to osmotic stress allow it to maintain cellular integrity and function, providing insights into the mechanisms of salt tolerance that could have applications in biotechnology and agriculture. One of the remarkable features of P. maitriensis is its potential for biotechnological applications, particularly in the production of compatible solutes such as ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which are known for their protective properties against environmental stressors. These compounds are not only important for the survival of the organism in harsh conditions but also have significant applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries as stabilizers and protectants. Additionally, P. maitriensis has been studied for its metabolic versatility, which allows it to utilize a variety of substrates for growth. This metabolic flexibility makes it an interesting candidate for bioremediation processes, especially in saline environments where other microorganisms may struggle to survive. The organism's genome has been sequenced, providing a wealth of information for researchers interested in the genetic basis of its unique adaptations. In summary, Planococcus maitriensis stands out not only for its extreme halophilicity but also for its potential contributions to biotechnology and environmental science, making it a valuable subject for ongoing research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Bacillota

Class: Bacilli

Order: Bacillales

Family: Planococcaceae

Genus: Planococcus

Species: Planococcus maitriensis

NCBI ID

221799

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/003/289/925/GCF_003289925.1_ASM328992v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_003289925.1_ASM328992v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Planococcus maitriensis is a Gram-positive, halophilic bacterium that has been isolated from various extreme environments, including saline habitats. While its direct clinical implications in human health are not extensively documented, its relevance can be inferred from its potential interactions with human-associated microbiomes and its role in biotechnological applications. Clinical relevance of Planococcus maitriensis may include its potential as a source of novel enzymes or metabolites that could be utilized in therapeutic contexts. Its ability to thrive in high-salt environments suggests that it may possess unique biochemical pathways that could be harnessed for industrial or medical purposes. In terms of pathogenicity, there is currently limited evidence linking Planococcus maitriensis to human disease. However, its classification within the genus Planococcus, which includes other species that have been associated with opportunistic infections, raises questions about its potential role in infections under specific conditions, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, the study of Planococcus maitriensis may contribute to our understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, especially in extreme environments where traditional antibiotics may be less effective. Its halophilic nature could provide insights into how microorganisms adapt to high-salinity conditions, which is relevant for understanding resistance in other pathogens. Overall, while Planococcus maitriensis is not currently recognized as a significant human pathogen, its unique properties and potential applications in biotechnology warrant further investigation to fully elucidate its clinical implications.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Planococcus maitriensis is a halophilic bacterium commonly found in saline environments such as salt flats, salt marshes, and hypersaline lakes. This microorganism thrives in conditions with high salinity, often exceeding that of seawater, which allows it to occupy a unique ecological niche where few other organisms can survive. Its ability to withstand extreme osmotic pressure is a key adaptation that enables it to flourish in these extreme environments. In these saline habitats, P. maitriensis plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by participating in the cycling of nutrients and contributing to the overall microbial diversity. It is known to engage in symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms, aiding in the breakdown of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients, which is essential for maintaining the health of these ecosystems. Additionally, Planococcus maitriensis has been observed to produce exopolysaccharides, which can help stabilize sediments in its environment, further enhancing its role in the ecosystem. Its presence can also influence the microbial community structure in saline environments, making it an important player in the ecological dynamics of these unique biomes. Overall, P. maitriensis exemplifies how microorganisms can adapt to and thrive in extreme saline conditions, showcasing the intricate relationships and adaptations that define life in such challenging environments.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Planococcus maitriensis has shown potential in various industrial applications due to its unique metabolic capabilities. One of the most notable areas is in biotechnology, where Planococcus maitriensis can be utilized in fermentation processes to produce valuable metabolites. This includes the production of organic acids and other biochemicals that can serve as precursors for pharmaceuticals and food additives. In the realm of waste management, Planococcus maitriensis has demonstrated the ability to degrade complex organic compounds, making it a candidate for biodegradation processes. This characteristic is particularly useful in the treatment of wastewater and the bioremediation of contaminated environments, where it can help in breaking down pollutants and reducing environmental impact. Furthermore, the organism's enzymatic activity is of interest in biofuel production. It can be involved in the breakdown of biomass, facilitating the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars, which can then be transformed into biofuels through fermentation. In pharmaceutical development, the metabolic products of Planococcus maitriensis may have applications in drug formulation or as bioactive compounds, highlighting its potential in the production of novel therapeutic agents. Overall, the versatility of Planococcus maitriensis in these industrial sectors underscores its significance in advancing sustainable practices and innovative solutions.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemma-7b-it	openchat/openchat-7b	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro
Motility	TRUE	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain variable ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	false	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true
Host association	N/A	false	false	true	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	coccus	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	coccus ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓

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