Halorubrum saccharovorum

General Information

Halorubrum saccharovorum is a fascinating microorganism belonging to the domain Archaea, specifically within the family Halobacteriaceae. This extremophilic archaeon is particularly notable for its ability to thrive in highly saline environments, such as salt lakes and saline soils, where few other organisms can survive. The name saccharovorum reflects its unique metabolic capability to utilize sugars, which is relatively uncommon among halophilic archaea. One of the most intriguing aspects of H. saccharovorum is its adaptation to extreme osmotic stress. It achieves this by accumulating compatible solutes, such as potassium ions and organic osmolytes, to balance the external osmotic pressure. This adaptation not only makes it a subject of interest for studying osmoregulation but also has potential applications in biotechnology, particularly in the development of stress-resistant crops and industrial enzymes that can function under high-salt conditions. Additionally, H. saccharovorum exhibits a remarkable ability to produce carotenoid pigments, which give it a distinctive red coloration. These pigments are not only important for protecting the cells from intense solar radiation but also have potential antioxidant properties, making them valuable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. From a genetic perspective, H. saccharovorum has a relatively small genome, which has been fully sequenced, providing insights into the genetic basis of its extremophilic adaptations. The study of its genome has revealed genes involved in salt tolerance, DNA repair, and unique metabolic pathways, offering a wealth of information for researchers interested in extremophiles and their potential applications. In summary, Halorubrum saccharovorum is a highly adaptable, extremophilic archaeon with unique metabolic capabilities and potential biotechnological applications, making it a valuable model organism for studying life in extreme environments and for exploring novel bioproducts.

Halorubrum saccharovorum is a fascinating halophilic archaeon that thrives in extremely saline environments, such as salt flats and salt mines. This organism is particularly interesting due to its ability to metabolize a variety of sugars, which is a rare trait among halophiles. Its unique metabolic pathways allow it to utilize these sugars as a primary energy source, making it a valuable model for studying carbohydrate metabolism in extreme conditions. One of the standout features of Halorubrum saccharovorum is its production of compatible solutes, such as glycerol, which help stabilize its cellular structures in high-salt environments. This adaptation not only aids in survival but also provides insights into how life can persist in extreme conditions, which has implications for astrobiology and the search for life on other planets. Additionally, the organism's genetic and biochemical properties make it a subject of interest for biotechnological applications. Its enzymes, which function optimally in high-salt concentrations, could be harnessed for industrial processes that require salt-tolerant biocatalysts. This potential for biotechnological exploitation underscores the importance of Halorubrum saccharovorum in both basic and applied research, particularly in the fields of microbiology and extremophile studies. In summary, Halorubrum saccharovorum stands out not only for its unique metabolic capabilities but also for its potential applications in biotechnology, making it a significant organism for further research and exploration.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Archaea

Phylum: Euryarchaeota

Class: Halobacteria

Order: Halobacteriales

Family: Haloferacaceae

Genus: Halorubrum

Species: Halorubrum saccharovorum

NCBI ID

2248

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/000/700/025/GCA_000700025.2_ASM70002v2

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_000700025.2_ASM70002v2_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Halorubrum saccharovorum is a halophilic archaeon that has garnered interest due to its potential applications in biotechnology and its role in extreme environments. While it is not primarily associated with human disease, its relevance in clinical settings can be considered in terms of its biotechnological applications and its potential impact on human health through bioremediation and industrial processes. In terms of pathogenicity, Halorubrum saccharovorum is not known to be a human pathogen; however, its ability to thrive in high-salt environments may provide insights into extremophiles and their adaptations, which could have implications for understanding microbial survival in hostile conditions. This knowledge can be applied to develop new strategies for antimicrobial resistance by studying the mechanisms that allow such organisms to survive in extreme conditions. Furthermore, the study of Halorubrum saccharovorum may contribute to the development of probiotics or therapeutics that utilize its unique metabolic pathways. Its enzymes and metabolic products could be harnessed for various applications, including the production of biofuels or in the food industry. Overall, while Halorubrum saccharovorum does not have direct clinical implications related to human disease, its study can enhance our understanding of microbial diversity and resilience, potentially leading to innovative applications in medicine and industry.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Halorubrum saccharovorum is a halophilic archaeon primarily found in high-salinity environments, such as salt flats, salt lakes, and solar salterns. This microorganism thrives in conditions where the salt concentration can exceed that of seawater, often reaching levels that would be inhospitable to most life forms. Its ability to withstand extreme salinity is attributed to its unique cellular mechanisms, which include the production of compatible solutes that help maintain cellular integrity and function in such harsh conditions. In these extreme environments, Halorubrum saccharovorum plays a crucial role in the local ecosystem. It contributes to the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, particularly in the breakdown of organic matter and the recycling of elements such as carbon and nitrogen. This archaeon is also involved in the production of halophilic enzymes that can be utilized in various biotechnological applications, showcasing its ecological importance beyond its native habitat. Furthermore, Halorubrum saccharovorum often exists in symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms, including bacteria and other archaea, which can enhance nutrient availability and stability within the microbial community. These interactions are vital for the overall health and sustainability of the haline ecosystems where they reside, demonstrating the interconnectedness of life in extreme environments. Its adaptability to fluctuating salinity levels also highlights its potential resilience to changing environmental conditions, making it a key player in the study of extremophiles and their ecological roles.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Halorubrum saccharovorum is a halophilic archaeon that has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where Halorubrum saccharovorum is utilized for its unique enzymatic properties. This organism produces enzymes that are stable and active in high-salt environments, making them valuable for processes that require extreme conditions. For instance, these enzymes can be employed in biocatalysis for the synthesis of various organic compounds, enhancing the efficiency of chemical reactions in the pharmaceutical industry. In the realm of waste management, Halorubrum saccharovorum has been studied for its ability to degrade organic pollutants in saline environments. This capability is particularly useful in bioremediation efforts, where the microorganism can help in the treatment of wastewater that contains high levels of salts and organic materials, thus contributing to cleaner water systems. Moreover, the potential for biofuel production is another promising application. The metabolic pathways of Halorubrum saccharovorum can be harnessed to convert biomass into biofuels, particularly in environments where traditional crops may not thrive due to salinity. This process often involves fermentation, where the organism can ferment sugars derived from biomass into bioethanol or other biofuels, providing a sustainable energy source. Overall, Halorubrum saccharovorum exemplifies the versatility of extremophiles in various industries, particularly in pharmaceutical development, where its unique properties can lead to the discovery of novel compounds and processes that are not feasible with conventional microorganisms.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 10

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/gemma-7b-it	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro
Motility	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✗	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	anaerobic ✗	anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	false	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false
Host association	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗

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