Halorubrum salsamenti

General Information

Halorubrum salsamenti is a fascinating microorganism belonging to the domain Archaea, specifically within the family Halobacteriaceae. This extremophilic archaeon is particularly notable for its ability to thrive in highly saline environments, such as salt lakes and saline soils, where few other organisms can survive. One of the most striking features of H. salsamenti is its remarkable adaptability to extreme salinity, which makes it an excellent model organism for studying osmoregulation and salt tolerance mechanisms. H. salsamenti has a unique cellular machinery that allows it to maintain osmotic balance in environments with salt concentrations that can exceed 20%. This is achieved through the accumulation of compatible solutes, such as potassium ions and organic osmolytes, which help to stabilize proteins and cellular structures under osmotic stress. Another intriguing aspect of H. salsamenti is its potential for biotechnological applications. The enzymes and proteins from this archaeon are often highly stable and active under conditions that would denature those from non-extremophilic organisms. This makes them valuable for industrial processes that require high salt concentrations or extreme conditions, such as certain types of biocatalysis and bioremediation. Moreover, the study of H. salsamenti contributes to our understanding of life's adaptability and the potential for life in extraterrestrial environments. Its ability to survive in conditions analogous to those found on Mars or the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn makes it a subject of interest in astrobiology. In summary, Halorubrum salsamenti is not only a model organism for extremophilic life but also a potential source of robust biotechnological tools and a key player in the search for life beyond Earth. Its unique adaptations and potential applications make it a valuable subject of scientific research.

Halorubrum salsamenti is a fascinating halophilic archaeon that thrives in extremely saline environments, such as salt flats and salt mines. This organism is particularly interesting due to its ability to adapt to high salt concentrations, which can be detrimental to most other forms of life. Its unique adaptations include specialized proteins and cellular mechanisms that maintain osmotic balance, allowing it to survive and flourish where few others can. One of the most notable features of Halorubrum salsamenti is its potential for biotechnological applications. The enzymes produced by this archaeon, particularly those that function optimally in high-salt conditions, are of great interest for industrial processes that require salt-tolerant biocatalysts. These enzymes can be utilized in the food industry, bioremediation, and even in the production of biofuels, making Halorubrum salsamenti a valuable organism for research and commercial applications. Additionally, the study of Halorubrum salsamenti contributes to our understanding of extremophiles and their evolutionary adaptations. Research into its genomic and metabolic pathways can provide insights into the fundamental processes of life in extreme conditions, which may have implications for astrobiology and the search for life on other planets. The organism's unique biochemical pathways also offer a window into the evolutionary history of archaea, highlighting the diversity and adaptability of life on Earth. In summary, Halorubrum salsamenti stands out not only for its remarkable survival strategies in hypersaline environments but also for its potential contributions to various fields of research and industry, making it a subject of significant scientific interest.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Archaea

Phylum: Euryarchaeota

Class: Halobacteria

Order: Halobacteriales

Family: Haloferacaceae

Genus: Halorubrum

Species: Halorubrum salsamenti

NCBI ID

2583990

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/007/671/685/GCF_007671685.1_ASM767168v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_007671685.1_ASM767168v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Halorubrum salsamenti is a halophilic archaeon that has garnered interest due to its potential clinical implications. While primarily found in extreme saline environments, its relevance to human health is emerging, particularly in the context of infections associated with saline-rich environments. Clinical associations with Halorubrum salsamenti are not extensively documented, but its presence in hypersaline environments suggests a potential role in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. One of the notable aspects of Halorubrum salsamenti is its ability to produce exopolysaccharides, which may contribute to biofilm formation. This characteristic can enhance its pathogenicity in certain conditions, particularly in environments where saline levels are elevated. Antimicrobial resistance is a concern with many halophilic organisms, and while specific resistance mechanisms of Halorubrum salsamenti are not well-characterized, the general trend of extremophiles exhibiting unique resistance traits warrants further investigation. In terms of medical applications, the unique biochemical pathways of Halorubrum salsamenti may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies, particularly in the development of probiotics or biotechnological applications in saline environments. However, more research is needed to fully understand its interactions with the human body, including any potential immune evasion strategies it may employ. Overall, while Halorubrum salsamenti is not yet a well-established pathogen, its unique characteristics and environmental associations suggest a need for continued study in the context of human health and disease.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Halorubrum salsamenti is a halophilic archaeon commonly found in high-salinity environments, particularly in salt flats, salt marshes, and saline lakes. This microorganism thrives in conditions where the salt concentration can exceed that of seawater, often reaching levels that would be inhospitable to most life forms. Its ability to withstand extreme salinity is attributed to its unique cellular mechanisms, which include the production of compatible solutes that help maintain cellular integrity and function in such harsh conditions. In these extreme environments, Halorubrum salsamenti plays a crucial role in the ecosystem by participating in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. It contributes to the breakdown of organic matter and the recycling of essential elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, which are vital for the health of the ecosystem. Additionally, this microorganism can engage in symbiotic relationships with other halophilic organisms, enhancing the overall biodiversity and stability of its habitat. Furthermore, Halorubrum salsamenti exhibits remarkable environmental adaptations, allowing it to not only survive but also flourish in conditions characterized by high salinity, fluctuating temperatures, and limited nutrient availability. Its presence in these biomes is indicative of the unique ecological dynamics at play, showcasing the resilience of life in extreme conditions.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Halorubrum salsamenti is a halophilic archaeon that has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where Halorubrum salsamenti is utilized for its unique enzymatic properties. This organism produces enzymes that are stable and active in high-salt environments, making them valuable for processes that require extreme conditions. For instance, these enzymes can be employed in biocatalysis for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, where traditional enzymes may fail due to denaturation in high-salinity conditions. In the realm of waste management, Halorubrum salsamenti has been studied for its ability to degrade organic pollutants in saline environments. This capability is particularly useful in treating wastewater from industries that operate in coastal or saline areas, where conventional treatment methods may be less effective. The organism's metabolic pathways can facilitate the biodegradation of various contaminants, thus contributing to more sustainable waste management practices. Moreover, Halorubrum salsamenti has potential applications in biofuel production. Its ability to thrive in extreme conditions allows for the exploration of its metabolic processes to convert biomass into biofuels, particularly in saline environments where other microorganisms may not survive. This could lead to innovative methods for producing renewable energy from otherwise unusable resources. In summary, Halorubrum salsamenti demonstrates promising applications in biotechnology, waste management, and biofuel production, primarily through its involvement in enzyme production, biodegradation, and biocatalysis, making it a valuable organism for various industrial sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 10

LLM predicted phenotypes: 2

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/gemma-7b-it	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro
Motility	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain variable ✗	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✗	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false
Host association	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗

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