Arthrobacter polaris

General Information

Arthrobacter polaris is a psychrotolerant bacterium that was first isolated from the Arctic permafrost. This microorganism is particularly interesting due to its ability to thrive in extremely cold environments, which makes it a valuable subject for studying cold adaptation mechanisms. The bacterium's enzymes are of significant interest because they remain active at low temperatures, offering potential applications in biotechnology, such as in the development of cold-active enzymes for industrial processes that require low-temperature operations. Another unique feature of A. polaris is its ability to survive and remain metabolically active in nutrient-poor conditions, which is typical of its native permafrost habitat. This resilience makes it a model organism for understanding microbial life in extreme environments, contributing to our knowledge of astrobiology and the potential for life on other planets with harsh climates. Additionally, Arthrobacter species, including A. polaris, are known for their role in bioremediation. They can degrade a variety of pollutants, including aromatic compounds, which highlights their potential use in cleaning up contaminated environments. The study of A. polaris can thus provide insights into the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in these degradation processes, further enhancing its value in environmental biotechnology. In summary, Arthrobacter polaris is a fascinating microorganism due to its cold tolerance, metabolic versatility, and bioremediation potential, making it a significant subject of research in multiple scientific fields.

Arthrobacter polaris is a fascinating bacterium primarily known for its unique adaptations to extreme environments, particularly cold habitats. This organism was first isolated from Arctic sea ice, showcasing its ability to thrive in sub-zero temperatures. Its psychrophilic nature allows it to maintain metabolic activity at low temperatures, making it a subject of interest for researchers studying cold-adapted enzymes and proteins. These enzymes, often referred to as psychrophilic enzymes, exhibit remarkable stability and activity at low temperatures, which can have significant applications in biotechnology, including food preservation and bioremediation processes in cold environments. Another intriguing aspect of Arthrobacter polaris is its role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in polar ecosystems. It contributes to the degradation of organic matter in cold environments, thus playing a crucial role in nutrient recycling. This characteristic makes it valuable for understanding ecological dynamics in polar regions, especially in the context of climate change and its impact on microbial communities. Furthermore, Arthrobacter polaris has been studied for its potential in biotechnological applications, such as the production of biodegradable plastics and biopolymers. Its metabolic pathways are of interest for the development of sustainable materials, aligning with global efforts to reduce plastic waste. In summary, Arthrobacter polaris stands out due to its psychrophilic adaptations, its ecological significance in nutrient cycling, and its potential applications in biotechnology, making it a valuable organism for both environmental and industrial research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Micrococcales

Family: Micrococcaceae

Genus: Arthrobacter

Species: Arthrobacter polaris

NCBI ID

2813727

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/021/398/215/GCA_021398215.1_ASM2139821v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_021398215.1_ASM2139821v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Arthrobacter polaris is a Gram-positive bacterium that has garnered attention due to its potential clinical implications. It is primarily known for its role in environmental microbiology, particularly in cold environments, but its relevance to human health is becoming increasingly recognized. Clinical associations with Arthrobacter polaris include its potential involvement in opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. While it is not a common pathogen, there have been isolated reports of infections, particularly in patients with underlying health conditions or those undergoing invasive procedures. One of the notable features of Arthrobacter polaris is its ability to survive in extreme conditions, which may contribute to its pathogenicity in certain contexts. The organism exhibits a range of metabolic capabilities, allowing it to thrive in diverse environments, including those that are inhospitable to many other bacteria. This adaptability raises concerns about its potential to cause infections in vulnerable populations. In terms of antimicrobial resistance, there is limited data available, but like many environmental bacteria, Arthrobacter polaris may possess intrinsic resistance mechanisms that could complicate treatment options in the event of an infection. Understanding its resistance patterns is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, research into the role of Arthrobacter polaris in the human microbiome is ongoing, with some studies suggesting it may have a role in microbial diversity and homeostasis. However, more research is needed to fully elucidate its interactions with the human body and its potential benefits or detriments to human health. Overall, while Arthrobacter polaris is not a well-established pathogen, its presence in clinical settings, particularly in immunocompromised patients, warrants further investigation to understand its clinical significance and potential implications for public health.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Arthrobacter polaris has shown significant potential in various industrial applications due to its unique metabolic capabilities and adaptability to extreme environments. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where Arthrobacter polaris is utilized for biodegradation processes. This organism can effectively break down complex organic compounds, making it valuable in the treatment of contaminated soils and wastewater. Its ability to degrade pollutants such as hydrocarbons positions it as a key player in waste management strategies aimed at environmental remediation. In the realm of biofuel production, Arthrobacter polaris has been studied for its role in the fermentation of various substrates, potentially leading to the generation of bioethanol and other biofuels. The organism's enzymatic activity allows it to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars, which can then be transformed into energy-rich fuels. Furthermore, Arthrobacter polaris has applications in pharmaceutical development. Its metabolic pathways can be harnessed for the production of valuable secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. The organism's ability to produce specific enzymes also opens avenues for the development of novel biocatalysts in pharmaceutical synthesis. Overall, the versatility of Arthrobacter polaris in enzyme production, biodegradation, and fermentation processes highlights its importance across multiple industries, making it a promising candidate for future research and application in sustainable practices.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/gemini-flash-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain variable ✗
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	N/A	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	true	false	true	false	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false
Host association	N/A	false	true	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	alpha	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗

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