Raoultella terrigena

General Information

Raoultella terrigena is a fascinating microorganism that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This bacterium is particularly interesting due to its environmental versatility and biotechnological potential. Originally isolated from soil, R. terrigena has demonstrated a remarkable ability to thrive in diverse environments, including water and various plant surfaces. One of the most notable features of R. terrigena is its capacity for nitrogen fixation, which makes it valuable for agricultural applications. This ability allows the bacterium to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize, potentially reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and promoting sustainable farming practices. Additionally, R. terrigena has been studied for its bioremediation potential. It can degrade a variety of environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons and heavy metals, making it a candidate for cleaning up contaminated sites. This biodegradative capability is of significant interest for environmental science and engineering. From a medical perspective, R. terrigena is generally considered to be of low pathogenicity to humans, which makes it a safer candidate for various biotechnological applications compared to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, it is still important to monitor its interactions with human hosts, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In summary, Raoultella terrigena stands out due to its environmental adaptability, nitrogen-fixing ability, and bioremediation potential, making it a valuable organism for both ecological and biotechnological research.

Raoultella terrigena is a fascinating bacterium that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This organism is particularly interesting due to its environmental versatility, as it has been isolated from a variety of habitats, including soil and water. Its ability to thrive in diverse environments makes it a valuable subject for studies on microbial ecology and environmental microbiology. One of the unique aspects of R. terrigena is its potential role in bioremediation. Given its natural habitat, this bacterium may possess metabolic pathways that allow it to degrade pollutants, making it a candidate for use in cleaning up contaminated environments. Research into its metabolic capabilities could lead to innovative applications in environmental management. Additionally, R. terrigena has been identified in clinical settings, where it has been associated with human infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This dual role as both an environmental and opportunistic pathogen highlights the importance of understanding its biology and pathogenic mechanisms. Studying R. terrigena can provide insights into the dynamics of microbial communities and the factors that influence pathogenicity in environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the genetic and biochemical characteristics of R. terrigena are of interest for research into antimicrobial resistance. As a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, it may share resistance traits with other clinically relevant bacteria, making it a significant organism for understanding the spread of resistance genes in both clinical and environmental contexts. Overall, Raoultella terrigena serves as a compelling model for exploring the intersections of ecology, environmental science, and public health.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Enterobacterales

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: Raoultella

Species: Raoultella terrigena

NCBI ID

577

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/012/029/655/GCA_012029655.1_ASM1202965v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_012029655.1_ASM1202965v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Raoultella terrigena is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is primarily known for its role as an opportunistic pathogen. It has been associated with various infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Clinical implications of R. terrigena include its potential to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), pneumonia, and wound infections. Its pathogenicity is often linked to its ability to form biofilms and its virulence factors, which can enhance its survival in hostile environments, such as the human body. In terms of antimicrobial resistance, R. terrigena has shown resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, which complicates treatment options for infected patients. This resistance is often attributed to the acquisition of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, making it a significant concern in clinical settings. Moreover, R. terrigena has been implicated in nosocomial outbreaks, particularly in healthcare facilities where it can be transmitted through contaminated medical equipment or surfaces. Its presence in the environment, particularly in soil and water, raises concerns about its potential to enter clinical settings and cause infections. While R. terrigena is not commonly used in medical applications, understanding its role in human health and disease is crucial for developing effective infection control measures and treatment strategies. Continued surveillance and research are necessary to monitor its resistance patterns and clinical impact.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Raoultella terrigena is a bacterium commonly associated with various soil environments and freshwater ecosystems. This microorganism thrives in nutrient-rich soil habitats, where it plays a significant role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Its presence is often linked to areas with high organic content, such as agricultural fields and wetlands, where it can be found in association with decaying plant material and other microorganisms. In freshwater environments, Raoultella terrigena has been identified in sediments and water columns, indicating its adaptability to varying conditions. It can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, showcasing its ecological versatility. This bacterium is known to interact with other microbial communities, often engaging in symbiotic relationships that enhance nutrient availability and promote the growth of other organisms. Furthermore, Raoultella terrigena has been observed in urban environments, particularly in association with human activities, such as wastewater treatment facilities. Here, it contributes to the breakdown of pollutants, highlighting its potential role in bioremediation processes. Overall, this microorganism is an important player in its ecosystems, influencing both biogeochemical cycles and the health of its habitats.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Raoultella terrigena has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where Raoultella terrigena is utilized for its ability to perform fermentation processes. This organism can convert carbohydrates into organic acids and alcohols, making it valuable in the production of biofuels and other biochemicals. In the realm of waste management, Raoultella terrigena has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of complex organic materials. This property is beneficial for treating wastewater and reducing environmental pollutants, contributing to more sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of Raoultella terrigena are being explored for pharmaceutical development. The organism can produce various enzymes that may be harnessed for drug synthesis or as biocatalysts in pharmaceutical processes. Overall, Raoultella terrigena presents a multifaceted approach to addressing industrial challenges, particularly in biofuel production, waste treatment, and biocatalysis, showcasing its versatility and importance in modern biotechnology.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemma-7b-it	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5
Motility	TRUE	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	gamma	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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