Mesorhizobium muleiense

General Information

Mesorhizobium muleiense is a fascinating bacterium primarily known for its role in nitrogen fixation, a process that is crucial for converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize. This capability makes it particularly valuable in agricultural settings, where it can enhance soil fertility and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. One of the most interesting aspects of M. muleiense is its symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants. It forms nodules on the roots of these plants, where it carries out nitrogen fixation. This mutualistic interaction not only benefits the plant by providing it with essential nutrients but also offers the bacterium a niche environment rich in carbon compounds. M. muleiense is also notable for its genetic diversity and adaptability. It has been isolated from various environments, indicating a high level of ecological versatility. This adaptability is reflected in its genome, which contains numerous genes associated with stress resistance and metabolic flexibility. From a research perspective, M. muleiense is valuable for studying the mechanisms of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation. Understanding these processes at a molecular level can lead to the development of biofertilizers and sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, its genetic makeup offers insights into the evolutionary pathways that enable bacteria to form beneficial relationships with plants. In summary, Mesorhizobium muleiense is a bacterium of significant interest due to its nitrogen-fixing abilities, symbiotic relationships with legumes, and genetic adaptability. These characteristics make it a key player in both natural ecosystems and agricultural systems, with potential applications in enhancing soil health and promoting sustainable farming practices.

Mesorhizobium muleiense is a fascinating species of bacteria belonging to the genus Mesorhizobium, which is known for its role in symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants. This organism is particularly interesting due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, a process that is crucial for soil fertility and plant growth. The unique capability of M. muleiense to form nodules on the roots of specific legumes enhances the nitrogen content in the soil, making it invaluable for sustainable agriculture. One of the remarkable aspects of M. muleiense is its adaptability to various environmental conditions, which allows it to thrive in diverse ecosystems. This adaptability is not only important for its survival but also for its potential application in bioremediation and soil restoration projects. Research into the genetic and metabolic pathways of M. muleiense could provide insights into improving nitrogen fixation efficiency, which is a significant area of interest in agricultural biotechnology. Furthermore, M. muleiense has been studied for its interactions with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which can enhance plant health and yield. Understanding these interactions can lead to the development of biofertilizers that reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, promoting more sustainable farming practices. In summary, Mesorhizobium muleiense stands out not only for its ecological role in nitrogen fixation but also for its potential applications in agriculture and environmental management, making it a valuable subject for ongoing research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Alphaproteobacteria

Order: Hyphomicrobiales

Family: Phyllobacteriaceae

Genus: Mesorhizobium

Species: Mesorhizobium muleiense

NCBI ID

1004279

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/900/099/905/GCA_900099905.1_IMG-taxon_2675903064_annotated_assembly

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_900099905.1_IMG-taxon_2675903064_annotated_assembly_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Mesorhizobium muleiense is primarily known for its role in nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants, but its clinical implications in human health are not well-documented. However, it is important to note that some species within the Mesorhizobium genus have been associated with opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. While Mesorhizobium muleiense itself has not been directly linked to specific diseases in humans, its close relatives may exhibit pathogenicity under certain conditions. Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in many bacterial species, and while specific resistance mechanisms for Mesorhizobium muleiense are not extensively studied, the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance traits from environmental bacteria to pathogenic strains remains a significant area of research. Furthermore, the interaction of Mesorhizobium muleiense with the human microbiome is not well understood, and its role in immune response modulation or dysbiosis has yet to be explored. Overall, while Mesorhizobium muleiense is not currently recognized as a major pathogen, its ecological significance and potential interactions with human health warrant further investigation.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Mesorhizobium muleiense is a species of bacteria that primarily thrives in soil ecosystems, particularly in the rhizosphere of leguminous plants. This microorganism is known for its role in nitrogen fixation, a crucial process that enhances soil fertility and supports plant growth. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes, where it establishes nodules that facilitate the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize. This interaction is vital for maintaining the health of terrestrial biomes, especially in grasslands and savannas, where legumes are often dominant species. In addition to its symbiotic role, Mesorhizobium muleiense contributes to the overall microbial diversity of the soil, influencing nutrient cycling and soil structure. Its presence can enhance the resilience of the ecosystem against environmental stresses, such as drought or nutrient depletion. The adaptability of this bacterium to various soil types, including clay-rich and sandy soils, allows it to thrive in different climatic conditions, from temperate to arid regions. Furthermore, the interactions between Mesorhizobium muleiense and other soil microorganisms can lead to complex microbial networks that promote plant health and soil sustainability. This bacterium's ability to form effective partnerships with a range of legume species underscores its importance in agricultural ecosystems, where it is often utilized in crop rotation and sustainable farming practices to enhance soil quality and crop yields.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Mesorhizobium muleiense is primarily recognized for its role in agricultural biotechnology, particularly in the context of nitrogen fixation. This microorganism forms symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, enhancing soil fertility through the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can utilize. This process is crucial for sustainable agriculture, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and promoting soil health. In addition to its agricultural applications, Mesorhizobium muleiense has potential in waste management. Its ability to degrade organic matter can be harnessed in biodegradation processes, where it contributes to the breakdown of waste materials, thereby aiding in composting and reducing landfill waste. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of Mesorhizobium muleiense can be explored in biotechnology for the production of specific enzymes that may have industrial applications. These enzymes can be utilized in various processes, including biocatalysis for the synthesis of bio-based products. Overall, the applications of Mesorhizobium muleiense span across agriculture, waste management, and biotechnology, showcasing its versatility and importance in sustainable practices.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro-1.5	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	google/gemma-7b-it	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro
Motility	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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