Shewanella frigidimarina

General Information

Shewanella frigidimarina is a fascinating microorganism primarily due to its psychrophilic nature, meaning it thrives in extremely cold environments. This characteristic makes it particularly interesting for studies on microbial life in polar regions and deep-sea habitats. One of the most remarkable features of S. frigidimarina is its ability to reduce a wide range of electron acceptors, including metals like iron and manganese. This capability is not only crucial for its survival in nutrient-limited environments but also makes it a valuable organism for bioremediation efforts, particularly in the detoxification of heavy metals and radionuclides. Additionally, S. frigidimarina has a unique set of cytochromes, which are proteins involved in electron transport. These cytochromes are adapted to function efficiently at low temperatures, providing insights into protein stability and function under extreme conditions. This makes the organism a model system for studying cold-adapted enzymes, which have potential applications in industrial processes that require low-temperature operations. The genome of S. frigidimarina has been sequenced, revealing a wealth of genetic information that contributes to its adaptability and metabolic versatility. This genetic data is invaluable for biotechnological applications, including the development of bioelectrochemical systems and microbial fuel cells. In summary, Shewanella frigidimarina is a microorganism of significant interest due to its cold-adaptation, metal-reducing capabilities, and unique enzymatic properties. Its study not only enhances our understanding of life in extreme environments but also holds promise for various biotechnological innovations.

Shewanella frigidimarina is a psychrophilic bacterium, meaning it thrives in cold environments, typically found in marine habitats such as deep-sea sediments and polar regions. This unique adaptation to low temperatures allows it to maintain metabolic activity and growth at temperatures as low as -1°C, which is a remarkable feat for microbial life. The ability to function in such extreme conditions makes S. frigidimarina a valuable organism for studying the limits of life and the biochemical processes that enable survival in cold environments. One of the most interesting aspects of S. frigidimarina is its capacity for electron transfer. This organism can utilize a variety of electron acceptors, including metals and organic compounds, which positions it as a key player in biogeochemical cycles, particularly in the reduction of iron and manganese. This capability not only contributes to nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems but also has potential applications in bioremediation and bioenergy production. Furthermore, S. frigidimarina is known for its production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which can enhance its survival in harsh environments and may play a role in biofilm formation. The study of these EPS can provide insights into microbial interactions and community dynamics in cold marine ecosystems. In addition, the genomic and metabolic pathways of S. frigidimarina have been the subject of research, revealing unique adaptations that allow it to thrive in cold, nutrient-limited environments. Understanding these adaptations can inform biotechnology applications, such as the development of cold-active enzymes for industrial processes. Overall, Shewanella frigidimarina serves as an important model organism for exploring microbial life in extreme conditions and has significant implications for environmental science and biotechnology.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Alteromonadales

Family: Shewanellaceae

Genus: Shewanella

Species: Shewanella frigidimarina

NCBI ID

56812

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/003/797/125/GCF_003797125.1_ASM379712v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_003797125.1_ASM379712v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Shewanella frigidimarina is a psychrophilic bacterium primarily found in cold marine environments. Its clinical relevance is emerging, particularly in the context of infections associated with marine exposure. Infections caused by S. frigidimarina have been documented in individuals with compromised immune systems or those with open wounds exposed to seawater. These infections can lead to wound infections, soft tissue infections, and in rare cases, septicemia. One of the notable features of S. frigidimarina is its ability to reduce metal ions, which may contribute to its pathogenicity and survival in hostile environments. This metabolic capability raises concerns regarding its role in biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, as it can thrive in the presence of heavy metals and potentially develop resistance to certain antibiotics. Furthermore, S. frigidimarina has been studied for its potential applications in biotechnology, particularly in bioremediation and bioenergy production, due to its unique metabolic pathways. However, its pathogenic potential necessitates caution, especially in clinical settings where exposure to marine environments is possible. Overall, while Shewanella frigidimarina is not a common pathogen, its association with marine-related infections and its potential for antimicrobial resistance highlight the need for further research to understand its clinical implications fully.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Shewanella frigidimarina is a psychrophilic bacterium commonly found in cold marine environments, particularly in the polar regions and deep-sea habitats. This microorganism thrives in sub-zero temperatures and is often isolated from sea ice, sediments, and deep-sea water columns. Its ability to metabolize in such extreme conditions highlights its remarkable adaptation to low temperatures and high-pressure environments. In these marine biomes, S. frigidimarina plays a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter. It is known for its ability to reduce metal ions, particularly manganese and iron, which contributes to the cycling of these elements in the ocean. This process not only aids in nutrient availability but also influences the overall health of the marine ecosystem. Furthermore, S. frigidimarina exhibits notable interactions with other microorganisms, often engaging in symbiotic relationships that enhance nutrient exchange and energy flow within the microbial community. Its presence can also impact the degradation of organic materials, making it an essential player in the marine food web. Overall, the ecological niche of Shewanella frigidimarina is characterized by its adaptation to extreme cold, its role in nutrient cycling, and its interactions within the complex web of life in polar marine ecosystems.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Shewanella frigidimarina has shown significant potential in various industrial applications due to its unique metabolic capabilities. One of the most notable areas is in biotechnology, where S. frigidimarina is utilized in bioremediation processes. This organism can reduce metal ions, such as manganese and iron, which is particularly useful in the treatment of contaminated environments, helping to detoxify heavy metals and restore ecological balance. In the realm of biofuel production, S. frigidimarina has been studied for its ability to ferment organic substrates, producing biohydrogen and other valuable metabolites. This process can be harnessed to develop sustainable energy sources, contributing to the transition towards renewable energy. Furthermore, S. frigidimarina is recognized for its role in pharmaceutical development. Its enzymatic activities can be exploited for the production of bioactive compounds, which may lead to the discovery of new drugs or therapeutic agents. The organism's ability to thrive in cold environments also makes it a candidate for the production of cold-active enzymes, which are valuable in various industrial processes, including biocatalysis. Additionally, S. frigidimarina has applications in waste management, particularly in the treatment of wastewater. Its capacity to degrade organic pollutants through anaerobic respiration can be harnessed to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment facilities, reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. Overall, the diverse metabolic pathways and environmental adaptability of Shewanella frigidimarina position it as a valuable organism in multiple industries, particularly in biotechnology, waste management, and biofuel production.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	openai/gpt-4o	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	openchat/openchat-7b	google/gemini-pro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b
Motility	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	N/A	aerotolerant	facultatively anaerobic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓
Health association	N/A	false	true	false	false	true	false	false	false	true	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	spirillum ✗	spirillum ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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