Campylobacter hominis

General Information

Campylobacter hominis is a species of bacteria that is part of the genus Campylobacter. This microorganism is particularly interesting due to its association with the human gastrointestinal tract. One of the most notable aspects of C. hominis is its role in human health and disease. While it is not as well-known as Campylobacter jejuni, which is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, C. hominis has been isolated from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, suggesting it may play a role in certain infections or dysbiosis. Campylobacter hominis is also intriguing from a research perspective because of its unique genetic and metabolic characteristics. The genome of C. hominis reveals adaptations that allow it to thrive in the human gut environment. These adaptations include specific mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and survival in the competitive and often hostile conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Another point of interest is the potential for C. hominis to contribute to our understanding of microbial ecology and host-microbe interactions. Studying C. hominis can provide insights into how bacteria colonize and persist in the human gut, as well as how they interact with other members of the gut microbiota and the host immune system. In summary, Campylobacter hominis is a valuable subject for research due to its association with human health, its unique genetic and metabolic traits, and its potential to enhance our understanding of microbial ecology and host interactions in the gastrointestinal tract.

Campylobacter hominis is a notable species within the genus Campylobacter, primarily recognized for its role as a pathogen in humans. This organism is particularly interesting due to its association with gastrointestinal diseases, especially in developing countries where it is a significant cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. The ability of C. hominis to thrive in the intestinal environment of humans and other animals makes it a key player in the study of enteric infections. One of the unique aspects of C. hominis is its adaptation to the host's gut, where it can survive and multiply despite the presence of bile salts and other harsh conditions. This resilience is attributed to its specialized metabolic pathways, which allow it to utilize a variety of substrates for energy. Research into these metabolic processes can provide insights into how pathogens adapt to their environments, which is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures. Furthermore, C. hominis has been implicated in outbreaks linked to contaminated water and food sources, highlighting its public health significance. Understanding the transmission dynamics of this organism can aid in improving food safety protocols and water sanitation practices. In addition to its pathogenicity, C. hominis serves as a model organism for studying the mechanisms of bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions. Investigating its genetic and biochemical properties can reveal targets for novel antimicrobial therapies, which is increasingly important in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. Overall, Campylobacter hominis stands out not only for its impact on human health but also for its potential contributions to microbiological research and public health initiatives.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Campylobacterota

Class: Epsilonproteobacteria

Order: Campylobacterales

Family: Campylobacteraceae

Genus: Campylobacter

Species: Campylobacter hominis

NCBI ID

76517

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/019/930/945/GCA_019930945.1_ASM1993094v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_019930945.1_ASM1993094v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Campylobacter hominis is recognized as a significant pathogen associated with gastrointestinal infections in humans. It is primarily linked to diarrheal diseases, often resulting in symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and bloody diarrhea. This organism is particularly notable for its role in campylobacteriosis, a common foodborne illness that can arise from the consumption of contaminated poultry, unpasteurized milk, or untreated water. In terms of pathogenicity, C. hominis employs various mechanisms to evade the host's immune response, including the production of virulence factors that enhance its ability to colonize the intestinal mucosa. The organism's spiral shape and motility also contribute to its pathogenic potential, allowing it to navigate through the mucus layer of the gut. Moreover, there is growing concern regarding antimicrobial resistance among C. hominis strains, particularly to commonly used antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and macrolides. This resistance complicates treatment options and underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and research into effective therapeutic strategies. While C. hominis is primarily known for its role in disease, it is also studied for its potential applications in probiotics and therapeutics, as some strains may exhibit beneficial properties that could be harnessed for gut health. However, the clinical implications of these applications are still under investigation. Overall, C. hominis represents a significant concern in public health due to its association with foodborne outbreaks and its potential for antimicrobial resistance, necessitating continued research and monitoring.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Campylobacter hominis is primarily associated with the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other warm-blooded animals. This microorganism thrives in environments that are rich in organic matter and are often found in the fecal matter of infected hosts. Its ecological niche is closely linked to the microbiome of the intestines, where it plays a role in the digestion of food and the maintenance of gut health, although it can also be pathogenic under certain conditions. In terms of habitat, Campylobacter hominis is commonly isolated from contaminated water sources, particularly those that are influenced by agricultural runoff or improper waste management. This organism is known to survive in moist environments and can be found in soil and animal feces, which serve as reservoirs for its transmission. The interactions of Campylobacter hominis with its surroundings are significant. It is involved in symbiotic relationships with other gut microbiota, contributing to the overall balance of the intestinal ecosystem. However, it can also lead to gastroenteritis in humans, highlighting its dual role as both a commensal and a pathogen. Its ability to adapt to varying pH levels and temperatures within the gut environment further underscores its ecological versatility. Overall, Campylobacter hominis exemplifies the complex dynamics of microbial life within the gastrointestinal biome, where it can influence both health and disease.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Campylobacter hominis is primarily known for its role in human health, particularly as a pathogen associated with gastrointestinal infections. However, its potential industrial applications are limited and not as well-documented as other microorganisms. In the context of biotechnology, Campylobacter hominis has been studied for its unique metabolic pathways, which could potentially be harnessed for specific applications in biodegradation processes, particularly in the breakdown of complex organic compounds. In the realm of waste management, while not directly utilized, understanding the metabolic processes of Campylobacter hominis can contribute to the development of strategies for managing microbial communities in waste treatment systems. This could involve enhancing the efficiency of biodegradation processes by leveraging the organism's metabolic capabilities. Furthermore, in pharmaceutical development, research into the pathogenic mechanisms of Campylobacter hominis can lead to the development of vaccines or therapeutic agents aimed at preventing or treating infections caused by this organism. This highlights the importance of studying Campylobacter hominis not only for its pathogenicity but also for its potential contributions to health-related biotechnological advancements. Overall, while Campylobacter hominis is not widely recognized for direct industrial applications, its study can provide insights that may be beneficial in various fields, particularly in understanding microbial interactions and developing health-related products.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-pro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	openchat/openchat-7b	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b
Motility	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	anaerobic	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	anaerobic ✓	anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	TRUE	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	gamma	N/A	gamma ✓	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	beta ✗	beta ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	spirillum	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	spirillum ✓	spirillum ✓

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