Enterobacter kobei

General Information

Enterobacter kobei is a fascinating microorganism belonging to the Enterobacter genus, which is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This bacterium is particularly interesting due to its clinical significance and its role in nosocomial infections. It has been isolated from various clinical specimens, including blood, urine, and respiratory tract samples, indicating its potential to cause a range of infections in humans. One of the unique aspects of E. kobei is its antibiotic resistance profile. This organism has been found to harbor multiple resistance genes, making it a subject of intense study in the field of antimicrobial resistance. Researchers are particularly interested in understanding the mechanisms by which E. kobei acquires and disseminates these resistance genes, as this knowledge is crucial for developing new strategies to combat resistant infections. Additionally, Enterobacter kobei has been studied for its metabolic versatility. It can utilize a wide array of substrates for growth, which makes it an interesting model for studying bacterial metabolism and potential biotechnological applications. For instance, its ability to degrade various compounds could be harnessed for bioremediation purposes. In summary, Enterobacter kobei is a microorganism of significant interest due to its clinical relevance, antibiotic resistance, and metabolic capabilities. These characteristics make it a valuable subject for ongoing research in microbiology, infectious diseases, and biotechnology.

Enterobacter kobei is a fascinating member of the Enterobacter genus, notable for its versatile metabolic capabilities. This organism is primarily found in environmental sources such as soil and water, as well as in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Its ability to thrive in diverse habitats makes it an interesting subject for ecological and environmental studies. One of the most significant aspects of Enterobacter kobei is its potential role in bioremediation. The organism has been shown to possess the ability to degrade various pollutants, including certain hydrocarbons, which positions it as a valuable candidate for environmental cleanup efforts. This characteristic is particularly relevant in the context of increasing environmental pollution and the need for sustainable solutions. Additionally, Enterobacter kobei has garnered attention in the field of clinical microbiology. While it is generally considered a non-pathogenic organism, there have been instances where it has been isolated from clinical samples, raising questions about its potential opportunistic pathogenicity. This dual nature—being both a potential environmental ally and a possible clinical concern—makes it a unique subject for research into microbial interactions and resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, the organism's genetic diversity and adaptability provide a rich area for genomic studies. Understanding the genetic basis of its metabolic pathways and resistance traits can offer insights into microbial evolution and the development of new biotechnological applications. In summary, Enterobacter kobei stands out due to its environmental versatility, potential in bioremediation, and implications in clinical microbiology, making it a valuable organism for ongoing research in multiple scientific fields.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Enterobacterales

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: Enterobacter

Species: Enterobacter kobei

NCBI ID

208224

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/001/729/765/GCF_001729765.1_ASM172976v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_001729765.1_ASM172976v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Enterobacter kobei is a member of the Enterobacter genus, which is known for its clinical significance in human health. It has been associated with various infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The organism can cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and wound infections, often in healthcare settings. Its pathogenicity is attributed to its ability to produce beta-lactamases, which confer antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. This resistance is a significant concern, as it can lead to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. In terms of immune evasion, Enterobacter kobei can alter its surface structures to avoid detection by the host's immune system, allowing it to persist in the body and contribute to chronic infections. The organism has been implicated in outbreaks, particularly in neonatal intensive care units, where it can spread through contaminated medical equipment or hands of healthcare workers. While Enterobacter kobei is primarily recognized for its pathogenic potential, there is ongoing research into its role in the human microbiome and its potential applications in probiotics or as a model organism for studying antibiotic resistance mechanisms. However, its clinical implications remain predominantly negative due to its association with serious infections and resistance profiles.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Enterobacter kobei is a species of bacteria commonly associated with various habitats and environments that reflect its adaptability and ecological roles. This microorganism is primarily found in soil and water environments, particularly in areas rich in organic matter. It thrives in agricultural soils, where it plays a significant role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, contributing to soil fertility and health. In addition to terrestrial habitats, Enterobacter kobei is also prevalent in aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater bodies such as rivers and lakes. Here, it can be involved in the breakdown of organic pollutants, showcasing its potential in bioremediation processes. The presence of this bacterium in these environments indicates its ability to adapt to varying nutrient conditions and pH levels, making it a resilient organism. Moreover, Enterobacter kobei has been documented in association with plants, where it may engage in symbiotic relationships that enhance plant growth and health. This interaction can lead to improved nutrient uptake for the plants, while the bacteria benefit from the organic compounds released by the roots. Overall, Enterobacter kobei exemplifies a versatile microorganism that occupies multiple ecological niches, contributing to the health of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through its roles in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and potential symbiotic relationships with plants.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Enterobacter kobei has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the primary areas of interest is in biotechnology, where E. kobei is utilized in fermentation processes to produce valuable metabolites. This organism can ferment a range of carbohydrates, making it suitable for the production of organic acids, alcohols, and other biochemicals that are essential in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the realm of waste management, Enterobacter kobei has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation of pollutants. It can break down complex organic compounds, which is particularly useful in treating wastewater and reducing environmental contaminants. This property is leveraged in bioremediation strategies to clean up contaminated sites. Furthermore, E. kobei is being explored for its role in biofuel production. Its ability to ferment lignocellulosic biomass can lead to the generation of bioethanol, providing a renewable energy source that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The efficiency of E. kobei in converting biomass into fermentable sugars is a key factor in optimizing biofuel production processes. In pharmaceutical development, Enterobacter kobei is of interest due to its potential in producing enzymes that can be used in drug synthesis and other therapeutic applications. The enzymatic activity of this microorganism can facilitate the development of new pharmaceuticals, enhancing the efficiency of drug production. Overall, Enterobacter kobei presents a versatile platform for various industrial applications, particularly in biotechnology, waste management, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical development, showcasing its importance in sustainable industrial practices.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemma-7b-it	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b
Motility	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	beta	beta	alpha	alpha	N/A	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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