Citrobacter sedlakii

General Information

Citrobacter sedlakii is a fascinating microorganism within the Citrobacter genus, known for its clinical significance and environmental versatility. This bacterium is particularly interesting due to its ability to thrive in diverse environments, ranging from soil and water to the human gastrointestinal tract. One of the most notable aspects of C. sedlakii is its role in nosocomial infections. It has been isolated from various clinical specimens, including blood, urine, and respiratory secretions, making it a subject of interest in hospital settings. The organism's capacity to cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients, underscores its medical importance. From a research perspective, C. sedlakii is valuable due to its antibiotic resistance profiles. Studies have shown that this bacterium can harbor multiple resistance genes, making it a model organism for understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and for developing new therapeutic strategies. Additionally, C. sedlakii has been studied for its metabolic versatility. It can utilize a wide range of substrates for growth, which is of interest in bioremediation research. The bacterium's ability to degrade various organic compounds makes it a potential candidate for cleaning up environmental pollutants. In summary, Citrobacter sedlakii is a microorganism of significant interest due to its clinical relevance, antibiotic resistance, and metabolic capabilities. Its study not only enhances our understanding of pathogenic bacteria but also offers insights into potential applications in environmental biotechnology.

Citrobacter sedlakii is a fascinating member of the Citrobacter genus, notable for its unique ecological niche and potential applications in biotechnology. This organism is primarily found in aquatic environments, particularly in freshwater systems, where it plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle. Its ability to utilize a variety of carbon sources makes it an interesting subject for studies on microbial metabolism and environmental microbiology. One of the most intriguing aspects of C. sedlakii is its capacity for bioremediation. This microorganism has shown promise in degrading various pollutants, including certain heavy metals and organic compounds, which positions it as a valuable candidate for environmental cleanup efforts. The mechanisms behind its biodegradation capabilities are an active area of research, providing insights into microbial interactions with contaminants and the potential for developing sustainable bioremediation strategies. Additionally, C. sedlakii has been studied for its role in the gut microbiota of various animals, including humans. Understanding its interactions within the gut ecosystem can shed light on its contributions to health and disease, particularly in relation to gut dysbiosis and its implications for metabolic disorders. In summary, Citrobacter sedlakii stands out due to its ecological significance, potential in bioremediation, and relevance to human health, making it a valuable organism for ongoing research in microbiology and environmental science.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Enterobacterales

Family: Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: Citrobacter

Species: Citrobacter sedlakii

NCBI ID

67826

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/018/128/425/GCA_018128425.1_ASM1812842v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_018128425.1_ASM1812842v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Citrobacter sedlakii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family and has been associated with various clinical implications. It is primarily known for its role in infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly in cases of bacteremia and urinary tract infections. The pathogenicity of C. sedlakii is attributed to its ability to produce virulence factors that facilitate immune evasion and enhance its survival in hostile environments, such as the human host. Antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern with C. sedlakii, as it has shown resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. This resistance complicates treatment options and necessitates careful selection of antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility testing. In terms of its interaction with the human body, C. sedlakii can colonize the gastrointestinal tract, where it may contribute to dysbiosis, particularly in patients with underlying health conditions. Its role as a potential opportunistic pathogen highlights the importance of monitoring for this organism in clinical settings, especially in patients with indwelling devices or those undergoing invasive procedures. While C. sedlakii is not commonly associated with outbreaks, its presence in clinical specimens underscores the need for vigilance in infection control practices. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate its pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications, including its role in the development of probiotics or other beneficial microbial therapies.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Citrobacter sedlakii is a species of bacteria commonly found in various aquatic environments, particularly in freshwater systems such as rivers, lakes, and ponds. This microorganism thrives in nutrient-rich waters, where it plays a significant role in the cycling of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and carbon. Its ability to degrade organic matter makes it an important player in the decomposition process, contributing to the overall health of the ecosystem. In addition to freshwater habitats, Citrobacter sedlakii has been isolated from soil environments, where it interacts with other soil microorganisms. This bacterium can form symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in nutrient uptake and enhancing plant growth. Its presence in the rhizosphere can improve soil fertility and promote a healthy microbial community. Furthermore, Citrobacter sedlakii is known for its adaptability to varying environmental conditions, including changes in pH and temperature. This adaptability allows it to thrive in polluted environments, where it can contribute to bioremediation efforts by breaking down harmful substances. Overall, Citrobacter sedlakii is a versatile microorganism that occupies multiple ecological niches, playing crucial roles in nutrient cycling, soil health, and environmental remediation.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Citrobacter sedlakii has shown potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology, waste management, and pharmaceutical development. This organism is known for its ability to participate in biodegradation processes, making it valuable in the treatment of wastewater and the breakdown of pollutants. For instance, Citrobacter sedlakii can effectively degrade certain organic compounds, which is crucial in waste treatment facilities aimed at reducing environmental contamination. In the realm of biofuel production, Citrobacter sedlakii has been studied for its capacity to ferment various substrates, potentially leading to the generation of bioethanol. The organism's metabolic pathways can be harnessed in fermentation processes to convert agricultural waste into renewable energy sources, thus contributing to sustainable energy solutions. Moreover, in pharmaceutical development, Citrobacter sedlakii has been investigated for its enzymatic activities, which can be utilized in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The enzymes produced by this microorganism may play a role in the development of new drugs or therapeutic agents, showcasing its importance in the pharmaceutical industry. Overall, the diverse capabilities of Citrobacter sedlakii in biodegradation, fermentation, and enzyme production highlight its significant potential across multiple industrial sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemini-flash-1.5	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct
Motility	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Host association	TRUE	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	alpha	gamma	N/A	beta	beta	gamma	gamma	N/A	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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