Streptococcus parauberis

General Information

Streptococcus parauberis is a fascinating microorganism primarily known for its role in veterinary medicine, particularly in the context of aquaculture. This bacterium is a significant pathogen in fish, especially in species such as rainbow trout and turbot. One of the most notable aspects of S. parauberis is its impact on the aquaculture industry, where it can cause severe economic losses due to outbreaks of streptococcosis, a disease characterized by symptoms such as hemorrhages, exophthalmia, and high mortality rates in infected fish populations. From a research perspective, S. parauberis is intriguing due to its ability to adapt to different hosts and environments. Studies have shown that this bacterium can survive in both freshwater and marine environments, which underscores its versatility and resilience. Understanding the mechanisms behind its pathogenicity and environmental adaptability is crucial for developing effective control and prevention strategies. Moreover, S. parauberis has been the subject of genomic studies aimed at identifying virulence factors and potential targets for vaccines. The bacterium's genome reveals a complex array of genes involved in adhesion, immune evasion, and nutrient acquisition, which are essential for its survival and pathogenicity. These genomic insights are invaluable for the development of novel therapeutic approaches and for enhancing our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. In summary, Streptococcus parauberis is a microorganism of significant interest due to its impact on aquaculture, its environmental adaptability, and the insights it provides into bacterial pathogenicity and host interactions. Its study not only helps in mitigating economic losses in the aquaculture industry but also contributes to the broader field of infectious disease research.

Streptococcus parauberis is a fascinating member of the Streptococcus genus, primarily known for its role in the microbiota of various animal species, particularly in fish. This organism is particularly interesting due to its potential implications in aquaculture, where it can influence the health and disease dynamics of fish populations. Its presence in aquatic environments highlights its adaptability and ecological significance, making it a valuable subject for research in marine microbiology. One of the unique aspects of S. parauberis is its ability to thrive in diverse environmental conditions, which raises questions about its survival mechanisms and interactions with other microbial communities. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into the ecological balance within aquatic ecosystems and the role of bacteria in nutrient cycling. Moreover, S. parauberis has been studied for its potential pathogenicity in fish, which can lead to significant economic losses in aquaculture. Research into its virulence factors and the mechanisms by which it may cause disease can contribute to the development of better management practices and treatments in fish farming. In summary, Streptococcus parauberis stands out not only for its ecological role but also for its implications in aquaculture health, making it a valuable organism for ongoing research in both microbiology and environmental science.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Bacillota

Class: Bacilli

Order: Lactobacillales

Family: Streptococcaceae

Genus: Streptococcus

Species: Streptococcus parauberis

NCBI ID

1348

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/002/900/385/GCF_002900385.1_ASM290038v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_002900385.1_ASM290038v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Streptococcus parauberis is a member of the viridans group streptococci, which are typically part of the normal flora of the human mouth and upper respiratory tract. However, it has been associated with various clinical implications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Infections caused by Streptococcus parauberis can include endocarditis, bacteremia, and soft tissue infections. Its pathogenicity is often linked to its ability to form biofilms, which can enhance its survival in hostile environments and contribute to its virulence. One of the notable aspects of Streptococcus parauberis is its potential for antimicrobial resistance. While it is generally susceptible to penicillin, there have been reports of resistance to other classes of antibiotics, which complicates treatment options. This resistance can be attributed to the acquisition of resistance genes and the ability to form biofilms, which protect the bacteria from the effects of antimicrobial agents. In terms of immune evasion, Streptococcus parauberis can produce various factors that inhibit the host's immune response, such as polysaccharide capsules that hinder phagocytosis. This ability to evade the immune system is crucial for its survival and pathogenicity. While Streptococcus parauberis is not commonly associated with outbreaks, its role in opportunistic infections highlights the importance of monitoring this organism in clinical settings, especially among patients with underlying health conditions. Further research is needed to fully understand its clinical significance and potential therapeutic applications.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Streptococcus parauberis is a bacterium commonly associated with various ecological niches, particularly in freshwater environments and animal hosts. This microorganism thrives in the gastrointestinal tracts of certain animals, where it plays a crucial role in the digestion of complex carbohydrates. Its presence in these habitats is indicative of a healthy microbiome, contributing to the overall nutritional balance of the host organism. In addition to its role in the gut, Streptococcus parauberis can also be found in soil and aquatic ecosystems, where it participates in the breakdown of organic matter. This process is vital for nutrient cycling, as it helps release essential nutrients back into the environment, supporting plant growth and maintaining ecosystem health. Notably, Streptococcus parauberis exhibits symbiotic relationships with its hosts, aiding in the prevention of pathogenic infections by outcompeting harmful bacteria. This competitive advantage is crucial for maintaining the microbial diversity necessary for a resilient ecosystem. Furthermore, its adaptability to varying environmental conditions, such as changes in pH and temperature, allows it to thrive in diverse habitats, making it a significant player in both terrestrial and aquatic biomes.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Streptococcus parauberis has shown potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceutical development. This organism is known for its role in fermentation, where it can be utilized to produce lactic acid, a valuable compound in food preservation and the production of biodegradable plastics. The ability of Streptococcus parauberis to ferment carbohydrates efficiently makes it a candidate for biofuel production, as it can convert biomass into fermentable sugars that can subsequently be transformed into ethanol or other biofuels. In the realm of waste management, Streptococcus parauberis has been studied for its potential in biodegradation processes, particularly in the breakdown of organic waste materials. This capability can be harnessed in composting and other waste treatment systems to enhance the degradation of organic matter, thereby improving waste management practices. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of Streptococcus parauberis is of interest in pharmaceutical development, where it may be involved in the production of specific enzymes that can be used in drug formulation or as therapeutic agents. The organism's metabolic pathways can be explored for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, contributing to the development of new pharmaceuticals. Overall, Streptococcus parauberis presents a range of opportunities across multiple industries, particularly in processes such as fermentation, biodegradation, and enzyme production, making it a valuable microorganism for future industrial applications.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	google/gemma-7b-it	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b
Motility	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	facultatively anaerobic	aerotolerant ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Hemolysis	gamma	beta ✗	beta ✗	gamma ✓	beta ✗	beta ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	beta ✗	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	gamma ✓	beta ✗	beta ✗	N/A	N/A	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	coccus	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	bacillus ✗	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓	coccus ✓

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