Corynebacterium renale

General Information

Corynebacterium renale is a bacterium that is particularly notable for its role in veterinary medicine. This organism is a member of the genus Corynebacterium, which includes several species that are important pathogens in animals. C. renale is primarily known for causing urinary tract infections in cattle, a condition referred to as bovine pyelonephritis. This disease can lead to significant economic losses in the dairy and beef industries due to decreased productivity and increased veterinary costs. One of the key characteristics of C. renale is its ability to adhere to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract. This adhesion is facilitated by specific surface proteins that allow the bacterium to colonize and persist in the urinary environment. The organism produces urease, an enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which can lead to an increase in urine pH and subsequent irritation and damage to the urinary tract lining. From a research perspective, C. renale is interesting due to its pathogenic mechanisms and the host-pathogen interactions it mediates. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into the development of targeted therapies and preventive measures for bovine pyelonephritis. Additionally, studying C. renale can contribute to the broader understanding of urinary tract infections in other animals and potentially humans, given the similarities in pathogenic strategies among different bacterial species. In summary, Corynebacterium renale is a bacterium of significant veterinary importance, with unique characteristics that make it a valuable subject for research in infectious diseases, particularly those affecting the urinary system.

Corynebacterium renale is a notable member of the genus Corynebacterium, primarily recognized for its role in veterinary medicine, particularly in cattle. This bacterium is a significant pathogen responsible for causing urinary tract infections and cystitis in ruminants, especially in cattle, which can lead to severe economic losses in the livestock industry. Its ability to thrive in the urogenital tract of animals makes it a unique organism of interest for researchers studying animal health and infectious diseases. One of the most interesting aspects of C. renale is its distinctive biochemical properties, which allow it to be differentiated from other closely related species. It is known for its ability to ferment certain carbohydrates, producing specific metabolic byproducts that can be utilized in diagnostic microbiology. This characteristic is particularly valuable for developing targeted treatments and understanding the pathogen's ecology. Furthermore, Corynebacterium renale has been studied for its potential role in bioactive compound production, which could have implications for both veterinary and human medicine. The exploration of its metabolic pathways may reveal novel compounds with antimicrobial properties, contributing to the search for new antibiotics in an era of increasing resistance. In summary, Corynebacterium renale stands out not only for its pathogenicity in livestock but also for its biochemical uniqueness and potential contributions to antibiotic discovery, making it a significant subject of research in microbiology and veterinary science.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Mycobacteriales

Family: Corynebacteriaceae

Genus: Corynebacterium

Species: Corynebacterium renale

NCBI ID

1724

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/900/478/035/GCA_900478035.1_47555_E02

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_900478035.1_47555_E02_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Corynebacterium renale is primarily known for its role in veterinary medicine, particularly in cattle, where it is associated with urinary tract infections and cystitis. In humans, it is less commonly implicated but can be associated with opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The organism is part of the normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes, but under certain conditions, it can become pathogenic. Clinical implications of Corynebacterium renale include its potential to cause pyelonephritis and urethritis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenicity of Corynebacterium renale is attributed to its ability to adhere to uroepithelial cells and evade the immune response through various mechanisms, including the production of biofilms. This biofilm formation can protect the bacteria from both the host's immune system and antimicrobial agents, contributing to its persistence in the urinary tract. In terms of antimicrobial resistance, there have been reports of resistance to common antibiotics, which complicates treatment options. This resistance is particularly concerning in veterinary settings, where the use of antibiotics can lead to the selection of resistant strains. While Corynebacterium renale is not typically associated with outbreaks in humans, its role as an opportunistic pathogen highlights the importance of monitoring its presence in clinical settings, especially in patients with compromised immune systems. Overall, understanding the clinical relevance of Corynebacterium renale is crucial for effective management of infections it may cause.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Corynebacterium renale is primarily associated with the urinary tract of ruminants, particularly cattle and sheep. This bacterium thrives in environments that are rich in organic matter and moisture, making the urinary system an ideal habitat. It is often found in the urethra and bladder, where it can cause infections, particularly in young animals or those with compromised immune systems. _Within its ecological niche, _Corynebacterium renale plays a significant role in the microbial community of the urinary tract. It can engage in symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms, contributing to the overall health of the host by participating in the breakdown of waste products. However, it can also act as a pathogen, leading to conditions such as cystitis or pyelonephritis, which can have serious implications for the health of the host. _This bacterium is adapted to survive in the host's body, where it can withstand varying pH levels and the presence of antimicrobial substances. Its ability to form biofilms on the uroepithelial cells enhances its survival and persistence in the urinary tract, allowing it to evade the host's immune response. Overall, _Corynebacterium renale exemplifies the complex interactions within the microbiome of ruminants, highlighting the balance between its role as a commensal organism and its potential as a pathogen._

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Corynebacterium renale has several notable industrial applications primarily in the fields of biotechnology and waste management. This organism is known for its role in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of complex organic compounds, which can be beneficial in waste treatment processes. Its ability to degrade certain pollutants makes it a candidate for use in bioremediation efforts, where it can help clean up contaminated environments. In the realm of biotechnology, Corynebacterium renale is also recognized for its potential in the production of enzymes that can be utilized in various industrial processes. These enzymes can facilitate fermentation processes, which are crucial in the production of biofuels and other bioproducts. The organism's metabolic pathways may be harnessed to improve the efficiency of fermentation, leading to higher yields of desired products. Furthermore, there is ongoing research into the use of Corynebacterium renale in pharmaceutical development, particularly in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Its unique metabolic capabilities may allow for the production of novel pharmaceuticals or the enhancement of existing drug formulations. Overall, Corynebacterium renale demonstrates significant potential across multiple industries, particularly in waste management, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical development, through its involvement in biodegradation, fermentation, and enzyme production.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 9

LLM predicted phenotypes: 4

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemma-7b-it	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro
Motility	N/A	true	false	false	true	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain negative ✗	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain variable ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	beta	alpha	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	gamma	gamma	N/A	N/A	beta	beta	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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