Streptomyces coelicolor

General Information

Streptomyces coelicolor is a fascinating microorganism that has garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to its complex life cycle and prolific production of secondary metabolites. This bacterium is a member of the genus Streptomyces, which is renowned for its ability to produce a wide array of antibiotics, making it a valuable resource in the field of medical microbiology and biotechnology. One of the most striking features of S. coelicolor is its multicellular development. Unlike many bacteria that exist as single cells, S. coelicolor forms a mycelium, a network of filamentous cells that can differentiate into specialized structures. This includes the formation of aerial hyphae that eventually produce spores, a process that is somewhat analogous to the life cycle of fungi. The genome of S. coelicolor is also of particular interest. It was one of the first bacterial genomes to be fully sequenced, revealing a large and complex genome with a high G+C content. This genome encodes a vast array of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of various secondary metabolites, including antibiotics like actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin. These compounds have been studied extensively for their potential therapeutic applications. Another unique aspect of S. coelicolor is its ability to produce pigmented antibiotics. For instance, actinorhodin is a blue pigment, while undecylprodigiosin is red. These pigments not only serve as antibiotics but also provide a visually striking indicator of the organism's metabolic activity. From a research perspective, S. coelicolor serves as a model organism for studying the genetics and biochemistry of antibiotic production, as well as the regulation of complex developmental processes. Its well-characterized genetic tools and the availability of extensive genomic data make it an ideal candidate for genetic manipulation and synthetic biology applications. In summary, Streptomyces coelicolor is a remarkable bacterium with a rich genetic repertoire and sophisticated developmental biology, making it a cornerstone of microbial research and a promising source of novel bioactive compounds.

Streptomyces coelicolor is a filamentous bacterium renowned for its remarkable ability to produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics such as actinomycin and streptomycin. This organism is particularly interesting due to its complex life cycle, which includes the formation of multicellular structures known as mycelium and spores. The mycelial growth allows for efficient nutrient absorption and environmental adaptation, while the spores serve as a means of survival in harsh conditions. One of the most unique aspects of S. coelicolor is its genetic tractability, making it a valuable model organism for studying the genetics of antibiotic production. Researchers have sequenced its genome, revealing a wealth of biosynthetic gene clusters that are responsible for the synthesis of various bioactive compounds. This genomic information has opened up avenues for genetic manipulation, allowing scientists to explore the potential for producing novel antibiotics and other therapeutic agents. Additionally, S. coelicolor is a key player in soil ecology, contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients. Its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds not only aids in its survival but also influences the microbial community structure in its environment. This ecological role underscores the importance of S. coelicolor in maintaining soil health and biodiversity. In summary, Streptomyces coelicolor stands out as a significant organism in microbiology and biotechnology due to its antibiotic production capabilities, complex life cycle, and ecological contributions, making it a focal point for research aimed at combating antibiotic resistance and discovering new pharmaceuticals.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Actinomycetota

Class: Actinomycetes

Order: Kitasatosporales

Family: Streptomycetaceae

Genus: Streptomyces

Species: Streptomyces coelicolor

NCBI ID

1902

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/013/317/105/GCA_013317105.1_ASM1331710v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_013317105.1_ASM1331710v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Streptomyces coelicolor is a significant actinobacterium known for its role in the production of antibiotics, particularly streptomycin and chloramphenicol. These compounds have been pivotal in the treatment of various bacterial infections, highlighting the organism's importance in human health and therapeutics. In addition to its antibiotic production, Streptomyces coelicolor serves as a model organism for studying the genetics of antibiotic biosynthesis and the mechanisms of pathogenicity. While it is not typically associated with human disease, its ability to produce bioactive compounds has implications for drug development and pharmaceutical applications. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern, as some strains of bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics derived from Streptomyces coelicolor. This underscores the need for ongoing research into the mechanisms of resistance and the development of new antibiotics. Furthermore, the organism's complex life cycle and ability to form spores contribute to its ecological success, allowing it to thrive in various environments. Its interactions with the human microbiome and potential as a probiotic are areas of ongoing research, although more studies are needed to fully understand its implications in human health. Overall, Streptomyces coelicolor exemplifies the dual nature of microorganisms as both beneficial producers of antibiotics and potential contributors to the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Streptomyces coelicolor is a filamentous bacterium commonly found in soil ecosystems and is particularly abundant in nutrient-rich environments. This microorganism thrives in terrestrial biomes, where it plays a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling and soil health. Its ability to produce a wide array of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, allows it to compete effectively with other microorganisms in its habitat, showcasing its ecological significance in maintaining microbial diversity and balance within the soil community. In addition to its role in soil health, Streptomyces coelicolor is often associated with plant rhizospheres, where it can engage in symbiotic relationships with plant roots. This interaction can enhance plant growth by promoting nutrient availability and providing protection against pathogens. The bacterium's ability to produce bioactive compounds also contributes to its role as a biocontrol agent, helping to suppress harmful microorganisms in the soil. Furthermore, Streptomyces coelicolor exhibits remarkable environmental adaptability, allowing it to thrive in various conditions, from arid regions to temperate forests. Its resilience and versatility make it a key player in the microbial community, influencing both the physical and chemical properties of its environment. Overall, the ecological niches occupied by Streptomyces coelicolor underscore its importance in both natural ecosystems and agricultural settings.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Streptomyces coelicolor is renowned for its significant contributions to various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceutical development. This organism is a prolific producer of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics such as streptomycin and chloramphenicol, which are crucial in the treatment of bacterial infections. The ability of S. coelicolor to undergo fermentation processes allows for the large-scale production of these valuable compounds, making it a cornerstone in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to its role in antibiotic production, Streptomyces coelicolor is also involved in biodegradation processes. It can break down complex organic materials, which is beneficial in waste management applications. This capability enables the organism to be utilized in the treatment of contaminated soils and wastewater, where it helps in the degradation of pollutants, thus contributing to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of S. coelicolor are harnessed in various biotechnological applications. The organism produces a range of enzymes that can be used in the food industry for processes such as enzyme production for food processing and preservation. These enzymes can enhance flavor, improve texture, and extend shelf life, showcasing the versatility of Streptomyces coelicolor in industrial settings. Overall, Streptomyces coelicolor exemplifies the potential of microorganisms in advancing biofuel production, pharmaceutical development, and waste management, making it a valuable asset in modern biotechnology.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	google/gemini-flash-1.5	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	openchat/openchat-7b	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct
Motility	N/A	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	N/A	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 3	biosafety level 3	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1
Health association	N/A	false	false	true	false	true	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Hemolysis	N/A	gamma	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	tail	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✗	bacillus ✗

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