Staphylococcus arlettae

General Information

Staphylococcus arlettae is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is primarily found in animals, particularly poultry, but it has also been isolated from human clinical specimens. This microorganism is notable for its ability to adapt to various environments, which makes it an interesting subject for ecological and evolutionary studies. One of the unique aspects of S. arlettae is its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including methicillin, which is a trait that raises concerns about its potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. This resistance makes it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and for developing new antimicrobial strategies. Additionally, S. arlettae has been found to produce bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides that can inhibit the growth of other bacteria. This characteristic is particularly valuable for research into natural antimicrobial agents and their potential applications in medicine and agriculture. From a genomic perspective, S. arlettae has a relatively small genome compared to other staphylococci, which provides insights into the minimal genetic requirements for survival and pathogenicity. The study of its genome can help identify essential genes and pathways that could be targeted for new therapeutic approaches. Overall, Staphylococcus arlettae is a microorganism of significant interest due to its antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, and adaptability, making it a valuable subject for research in microbiology, antibiotic resistance, and biotechnology.*

Staphylococcus arlettae is a species of coagulase-negative staphylococci that has garnered interest due to its unique ecological niche and potential implications in human health. This organism was first isolated from the skin of a healthy individual, highlighting its role as a part of the normal human microbiota. What makes S. arlettae particularly intriguing is its ability to thrive in diverse environments, including both human and animal hosts, which raises questions about its adaptability and evolutionary significance. One of the notable characteristics of S. arlettae is its resistance to certain antibiotics, which is a growing concern in the field of microbiology and infectious disease. This resistance can provide insights into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and the evolution of pathogenic traits among staphylococci. Researchers are particularly interested in studying S. arlettae to understand its genetic makeup and the factors that contribute to its resilience in the face of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, S. arlettae has been implicated in opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This aspect makes it a valuable subject for research into the dynamics of opportunistic pathogens and their interactions with the host immune system. The organism's potential to cause infections, coupled with its presence in the human microbiome, positions it as a significant player in the study of microbial ecology and human health. In summary, Staphylococcus arlettae stands out due to its dual role as a commensal organism and an opportunistic pathogen, its antibiotic resistance traits, and its adaptability to various environments, making it a compelling subject for ongoing research in microbiology and infectious disease.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Bacillota

Class: Bacilli

Order: Bacillales

Family: Staphylococcaceae

Genus: Staphylococcus

Species: Staphylococcus arlettae

NCBI ID

29378

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/025/560/865/GCF_025560865.1_ASM2556086v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_025560865.1_ASM2556086v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Staphylococcus arlettae is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CNS) that has been identified in various clinical settings. It is primarily known for its role as a skin commensal, but it can also be associated with infections in immunocompromised patients or those with indwelling medical devices. Its clinical relevance is underscored by its potential to cause nosocomial infections, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems or those undergoing invasive procedures. One of the significant concerns regarding Staphylococcus arlettae is its antimicrobial resistance. Like many CNS species, it has shown resistance to multiple antibiotics, including methicillin, which complicates treatment options. This resistance is often attributed to the acquisition of resistance genes and the ability to form biofilms on medical devices, which enhances its pathogenicity and persistence in clinical environments. In terms of immune evasion, Staphylococcus arlettae can produce various factors that help it evade the host's immune response, including surface proteins that inhibit phagocytosis and enzymes that degrade immune mediators. This ability to evade the immune system contributes to its role in chronic infections, particularly in patients with underlying health conditions. While Staphylococcus arlettae is not commonly associated with outbreaks, its presence in clinical specimens highlights the need for vigilance in monitoring CNS species in healthcare settings. Understanding its pathogenic potential and resistance mechanisms is crucial for effective infection control and treatment strategies.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Staphylococcus arlettae is a species of bacteria that is primarily associated with human skin and mucosal surfaces. This microorganism thrives in environments that are rich in nutrients and moisture, making it well-suited for colonization on the human body, particularly in areas such as the axilla, groin, and interdigital spaces of the feet. These habitats provide a warm and humid environment, which is conducive to the growth of this bacterium. In terms of ecological interactions, Staphylococcus arlettae plays a role in the microbiome of the skin, contributing to the overall balance of microbial communities. It can engage in competitive interactions with other skin flora, which helps to prevent the colonization of pathogenic organisms. This competitive exclusion is vital for maintaining skin health and preventing infections. Additionally, Staphylococcus arlettae has been noted for its ability to adapt to various environmental stresses, such as changes in pH and temperature, which are common in the dynamic environment of the skin. Its resilience and adaptability underscore its importance in the skin microbiome and its potential role in symbiotic relationships with the host. Overall, the biomes associated with Staphylococcus arlettae are primarily linked to human-associated environments, where it contributes to the ecological balance and health of the skin microbiome.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Staphylococcus arlettae has shown potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology and waste management. This organism is known for its ability to thrive in diverse environments, which can be harnessed for specific processes. In biotechnology, Staphylococcus arlettae can be utilized in fermentation processes, where it may contribute to the production of valuable metabolites. Its metabolic pathways can be explored for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, which are essential in the development of pharmaceuticals. In the realm of waste management, Staphylococcus arlettae has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of organic pollutants. This characteristic can be leveraged in bioremediation efforts to clean up contaminated environments, making it a valuable asset in environmental biotechnology. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of Staphylococcus arlettae can be investigated for their potential in enzyme production, which can be applied in various industrial processes, including food processing and textile manufacturing. The ability of this microorganism to produce specific enzymes can enhance efficiency and sustainability in these industries. Overall, Staphylococcus arlettae presents a promising opportunity for innovation in pharmaceutical development, biofuel production, and waste treatment, showcasing its versatility and importance in modern industrial applications.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemini-pro	openchat/openchat-7b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b
Motility	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false
Gram staining	gram stain positive	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain positive ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✗	N/A	gram stain positive ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	gamma	gamma ✓	N/A	beta ✗	N/A	beta ✗	beta ✗	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	gamma ✓	gamma ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	N/A	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus	bacillus	bacillus	coccus	coccus

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