Xanthomonas albilineans

General Information

Xanthomonas albilineans is a fascinating bacterium primarily known for its role as a plant pathogen, specifically targeting sugarcane. This microorganism is the causative agent of leaf scald disease, which can lead to significant agricultural losses. One of the most intriguing aspects of X. albilineans is its ability to produce a unique toxin called albicidin. Albicidin is not only responsible for the disease symptoms in sugarcane but also has garnered interest for its potential use as a novel antibiotic. The bacterium's genome reveals a wealth of information about its pathogenic mechanisms and adaptation strategies. For instance, X. albilineans lacks a type III secretion system, which is commonly found in other Xanthomonas species and is typically used to inject virulence factors into host cells. Instead, it relies on other, less understood mechanisms to infect its host, making it a subject of intense research to uncover these alternative pathways. Another unique characteristic of X. albilineans is its relatively narrow host range, primarily infecting sugarcane, which contrasts with other Xanthomonas species that often have a broader range of plant hosts. This specificity makes it an excellent model for studying host-pathogen interactions and co-evolution. From a biotechnological perspective, the albicidin toxin has shown promise beyond its role in plant pathology. Researchers are exploring its potential as a broad-spectrum antibiotic against various bacterial pathogens, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics. This dual role as both a plant pathogen and a source of potential therapeutic agents makes X. albilineans a microorganism of significant interest in both agricultural and medical research fields.

Xanthomonas albilineans is a notable plant pathogenic bacterium primarily recognized for its role in causing the disease known as sugarcane leaf scald. This organism is particularly interesting due to its specificity to sugarcane, which makes it a significant concern for agricultural production in regions where sugarcane is cultivated. The disease manifests as a characteristic yellowing and wilting of the leaves, leading to reduced photosynthetic capacity and ultimately impacting yield. One of the unique aspects of X. albilineans is its ability to survive in plant tissues for extended periods, which complicates management strategies. This bacterium is also known for its genetic diversity, which can lead to variations in pathogenicity and resistance to control measures. Research into the genomics of X. albilineans has revealed insights into its virulence factors, which are crucial for understanding how it interacts with host plants and evades plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the study of X. albilineans contributes to the broader field of plant pathology and bacteriology, providing valuable information on host-pathogen interactions and the evolution of plant diseases. Its impact on sugarcane production makes it a target for ongoing research aimed at developing resistant varieties and effective management practices, highlighting its importance in both agricultural and ecological contexts.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Lysobacterales

Family: Lysobacteraceae

Genus: Xanthomonas

Species: Xanthomonas albilineans

NCBI ID

29447

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/009/931/595/GCF_009931595.1_ASM993159v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_009931595.1_ASM993159v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans is primarily known for its role as a plant pathogen, specifically causing leaf scald disease in sugarcane. While it is not directly associated with human infections, its clinical relevance can be inferred through its impact on agricultural health and food security, which indirectly affects human populations. The disease caused by X. albilineans leads to significant economic losses in sugarcane production, which can influence food supply and agricultural practices. In terms of pathogenicity, X. albilineans employs various strategies to evade the plant immune response, including the secretion of effector proteins that manipulate host cellular processes. This ability to evade plant defenses highlights the importance of understanding its mechanisms for developing effective control measures. Although X. albilineans does not exhibit antimicrobial resistance in the traditional sense, the management of its associated diseases often involves the use of chemical treatments, which can lead to resistance in other microbial populations. This underscores the need for integrated pest management strategies that minimize chemical use and promote sustainable practices. Currently, there are no known medical applications of X. albilineans in terms of probiotics, vaccines, or therapeutics for human health. However, its study contributes to the broader understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the ecological balance necessary for healthy agricultural systems, which ultimately supports human health through food production.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Xanthomonas albilineans is a bacterium primarily associated with the sugarcane biome, where it plays a significant role in the ecology of this agricultural environment. This microorganism is known to cause the disease known as leaf scald, which affects the health and productivity of sugarcane crops. The bacterium thrives in warm, humid conditions, making it particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where sugarcane is cultivated. In its ecological niche, Xanthomonas albilineans interacts closely with its host plants, establishing a pathogenic relationship that can lead to significant yield losses. The bacterium enters the plant through wounds or natural openings, where it multiplies and spreads, causing symptoms such as yellowing and wilting of leaves. This interaction highlights its role as a plant pathogen, which can disrupt local agricultural practices and impact food supply. Additionally, Xanthomonas albilineans can be influenced by various environmental factors, including soil moisture, temperature, and plant health. Its presence can also affect the microbial community within the sugarcane ecosystem, as it may compete with other microorganisms for resources or alter the nutrient dynamics in the soil. Overall, the biomes associated with Xanthomonas albilineans are characterized by their agricultural significance, particularly in sugarcane production, and the ecological implications of its pathogenicity on crop health and yield.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans is primarily known for its role in the agricultural sector, particularly as a pathogen affecting sugarcane. However, its potential industrial applications extend beyond its pathogenic nature. One notable area is in biotechnology, where Xanthomonas albilineans can be utilized in the development of biocontrol agents. By understanding its mechanisms of pathogenicity, researchers can explore ways to enhance plant resistance to diseases, thereby improving crop yields and sustainability. In the realm of waste management, Xanthomonas albilineans has been studied for its ability to degrade certain organic compounds, which can be beneficial in biodegradation processes. This characteristic can be harnessed to develop bioremediation strategies for contaminated soils, particularly in agricultural settings where chemical runoff may occur. Furthermore, there is potential for Xanthomonas albilineans in pharmaceutical development. The metabolic pathways of this microorganism may lead to the discovery of novel compounds with antimicrobial properties, which could be significant in the fight against resistant strains of bacteria. Overall, while Xanthomonas albilineans is primarily recognized for its impact on sugarcane, its applications in biotechnology, waste management, and pharmaceutical development highlight its versatility and importance in various industrial sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	google/gemini-flash-1.5	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro
Motility	N/A	true	false	true	true	true	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false
Host association	TRUE	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗
Plant pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	alpha	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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