Burkholderia glumae

General Information

Burkholderia glumae is a fascinating and significant bacterium, primarily known for its role as a plant pathogen. This microorganism is the causative agent of bacterial panicle blight in rice, a disease that leads to substantial agricultural losses worldwide. One of the most intriguing aspects of B. glumae is its production of a toxin called toxoflavin, which is responsible for the symptoms of the disease. Toxoflavin is a yellow pigment that not only contributes to the virulence of the bacterium but also serves as a marker for its identification in infected plants. Another notable feature of B. glumae is its ability to thrive in a variety of environmental conditions, which makes it a resilient pathogen. This adaptability is partly due to its versatile metabolic pathways, allowing it to utilize different carbon sources for growth. Additionally, B. glumae has a sophisticated quorum sensing system, which regulates the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation, enhancing its ability to infect and persist in host plants. From a research perspective, B. glumae is valuable for studying plant-microbe interactions, particularly in the context of pathogenicity and host defense mechanisms. Its genome has been sequenced, providing insights into the genetic basis of its virulence and adaptability. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms of toxoflavin production and regulation can lead to the development of targeted strategies to control bacterial panicle blight, thereby improving crop yields and food security. In summary, Burkholderia glumae is a highly adaptable and virulent plant pathogen with significant implications for agriculture. Its unique characteristics, such as toxoflavin production and quorum sensing, make it an important subject of study in the fields of microbiology and plant pathology.

Burkholderia glumae is a notable bacterium primarily recognized for its role as a plant pathogen, particularly affecting rice crops. This organism is particularly interesting due to its ability to cause bacterial blight, which can lead to significant agricultural losses. The pathogenicity of B. glumae is attributed to its production of various toxins and extracellular enzymes that facilitate its invasion and colonization of host tissues. One of the unique aspects of B. glumae is its genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to different environmental conditions and host plants. This adaptability makes it a subject of interest in studies related to plant-microbe interactions and the evolution of pathogenicity in bacteria. Researchers are particularly focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms behind its virulence, which could lead to the development of more effective strategies for managing bacterial diseases in crops. Additionally, B. glumae is part of the larger Burkholderia genus, which includes species that are known for their bioremediation potential and ability to degrade environmental pollutants. This duality of being both a plant pathogen and a potential bioremediation agent makes B. glumae a fascinating organism for research in both agricultural and environmental microbiology. Furthermore, the study of B. glumae contributes to our understanding of bacterial communication and quorum sensing, which are critical for the regulation of virulence factors in many pathogenic bacteria. This research could have broader implications for controlling bacterial diseases in various agricultural settings, making Burkholderia glumae a valuable organism in the field of microbiological research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Betaproteobacteria

Order: Burkholderiales

Family: Burkholderiaceae

Genus: Burkholderia

Species: Burkholderia glumae

NCBI ID

337

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/009/931/375/GCF_009931375.1_ASM993137v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_009931375.1_ASM993137v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The organism Burkholderia glumae is primarily known for its role as a plant pathogen, particularly affecting rice crops, but it has also been implicated in human health concerns. Clinical implications of Burkholderia glumae include its association with infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with underlying conditions such as diabetes or cystic fibrosis. It can cause pneumonia, bacteremia, and soft tissue infections, which are often challenging to treat due to its inherent antimicrobial resistance. This organism exhibits resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, which complicates treatment options and necessitates the use of alternative therapies. Furthermore, Burkholderia glumae has developed various immune evasion strategies, allowing it to persist in the host despite the immune response. These strategies include the production of biofilms and the secretion of virulence factors that can inhibit phagocytosis. While primarily a concern in agricultural settings, the potential for Burkholderia glumae to cause human disease highlights the importance of monitoring this organism in clinical microbiology. Its role in outbreaks, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems, underscores the need for further research into effective treatment protocols and the development of targeted therapies. Overall, the clinical relevance of Burkholderia glumae extends beyond its agricultural impact, marking it as a significant pathogen in specific human populations.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Burkholderia glumae is primarily associated with agricultural ecosystems, particularly in rice paddies. This bacterium is known for its role as a plant pathogen, causing bacterial blight in rice, which can significantly impact crop yields. The organism thrives in moist, nutrient-rich environments typical of flooded rice fields, where it can exploit the conditions favorable for its growth and reproduction. In these wetland habitats, B. glumae interacts with various environmental factors, including soil composition, water availability, and microbial communities. It often forms symbiotic relationships with other microorganisms, which can influence its pathogenicity and survival. For instance, it may engage in microbial interactions with beneficial bacteria or fungi, affecting nutrient cycling and plant health. Additionally, B. glumae demonstrates remarkable environmental adaptability, allowing it to survive in diverse conditions, including varying pH levels and salinity. This adaptability is crucial for its persistence in agricultural settings, where it can be subjected to different farming practices and environmental stresses. Overall, Burkholderia glumae plays a significant role in the rice agroecosystem, impacting both plant health and agricultural productivity, while also contributing to the complex interactions within its microbial community.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Burkholderia glumae has shown significant potential in various industrial applications. One of the most notable areas is in biotechnology, where B. glumae is utilized for its ability to produce specific enzymes that can be harnessed in biocatalysis processes. These enzymes can facilitate chemical reactions in a more environmentally friendly manner compared to traditional chemical methods. In the realm of waste management, B. glumae has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of complex organic compounds. This makes it a valuable organism for the treatment of contaminated environments, such as soil and water, where it can help in the remediation of pollutants. Furthermore, B. glumae has been explored for its potential in biofuel production. Its metabolic pathways can be engineered to enhance the conversion of biomass into biofuels, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. The organism's ability to ferment various substrates can be leveraged in fermentation processes to produce bioethanol or other biofuels. In pharmaceutical development, B. glumae has been studied for its production of bioactive compounds that may have therapeutic properties. This includes the synthesis of secondary metabolites that could lead to the development of new drugs or treatments. Overall, Burkholderia glumae represents a versatile microorganism with applications spanning biotechnology, waste management, biofuel production, and pharmaceutical development, showcasing its importance in advancing industrial processes and sustainability.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	google/gemini-flash-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro
Motility	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	aerobic	aerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✗	facultatively anaerobic ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	aerotolerant ✗	aerotolerant ✗	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	aerobic ✓	aerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biosafety level	N/A	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Spore formation	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	true	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Hemolysis	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	beta	beta	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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