Photorhabdus temperata

General Information

Source: gpt-4o-2024-05-13

Photorhabdus temperata is a fascinating bacterium primarily known for its symbiotic relationship with entomopathogenic nematodes, specifically those in the genus Heterorhabditis. This relationship is particularly interesting because it involves a complex life cycle where the bacterium is both a mutualistic symbiont and a pathogen. One of the most remarkable features of P. temperata is its ability to produce a wide array of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, insecticidal toxins, and enzymes that degrade host tissues. These compounds not only help the nematode kill and digest its insect host but also protect the cadaver from secondary infections by other microorganisms. Another unique aspect of Photorhabdus temperata is its bioluminescence. This trait, while not fully understood, is thought to play a role in the symbiotic relationship with the nematode, possibly aiding in the attraction of insect hosts or in the communication between bacterial cells. From a research perspective, P. temperata is valuable for its potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture. The bacterium's insecticidal properties make it a candidate for developing biological pest control agents, which could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Additionally, the antibiotics produced by P. temperata are of interest for their potential use in medicine, particularly in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In summary, Photorhabdus temperata stands out due to its complex symbiotic relationship with nematodes, its production of a diverse array of bioactive compounds, and its potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture. These characteristics make it a subject of significant interest in various fields of scientific research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Enterobacterales

Family: Morganellaceae

Genus: Photorhabdus

Species: Photorhabdus temperata

NCBI ID

574560

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/025/384/845/GCF_025384845.1_ASM2538484v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_025384845.1_ASM2538484v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Photorhabdus temperata is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and is primarily known for its role as a symbiotic organism with nematodes, particularly in the genus Heterorhabditis. This organism has significant clinical implications due to its pathogenic potential and its ability to produce a variety of virulence factors that can affect human health. One of the notable aspects of Photorhabdus temperata is its association with infections in immunocompromised individuals, where it can lead to severe soft tissue infections and sepsis. The organism is capable of evading the immune response through the production of toxins and other factors that inhibit phagocytosis and promote tissue damage. In terms of antimicrobial resistance, Photorhabdus temperata has shown resistance to several common antibiotics, which complicates treatment options for infections caused by this organism. This resistance is often attributed to the presence of plasmids that carry resistance genes, making it a concern in clinical settings. Interestingly, Photorhabdus temperata has also been studied for its potential medical applications. Its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds has led to research into its use as a source of novel antibiotics. Additionally, its role in the nematode life cycle has implications for biocontrol in agriculture, which indirectly affects human health by reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Overall, while Photorhabdus temperata is primarily recognized for its ecological role, its pathogenic potential and resistance mechanisms highlight its importance in clinical microbiology and infectious disease research.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Photorhabdus temperata has shown significant potential in various industrial applications, particularly in the fields of biotechnology, waste management, and pharmaceutical development. This organism is known for its ability to produce a range of bioactive compounds, which can be harnessed in different processes. In biotechnology, Photorhabdus temperata is utilized in fermentation processes to produce valuable metabolites, including antimicrobial agents and insecticidal proteins. These compounds can be used in the development of biopesticides, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. In the realm of waste management, this microorganism has demonstrated capabilities in biodegradation, particularly in the breakdown of complex organic materials. Its enzymatic activity allows it to effectively degrade pollutants, making it a candidate for bioremediation efforts in contaminated environments. Furthermore, Photorhabdus temperata has been explored for its potential in biofuel production. The metabolic pathways of this bacterium can be manipulated to enhance the production of biofuels from biomass, contributing to sustainable energy solutions. In pharmaceutical development, the unique compounds produced by Photorhabdus temperata have been investigated for their therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The organism's ability to synthesize these bioactive molecules through fermentation processes makes it a valuable resource in drug discovery and development. Overall, Photorhabdus temperata exemplifies the versatility of microorganisms in industrial applications, showcasing its role in enhancing sustainability and innovation across multiple sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	openchat/openchat-7b	openchat/openchat-7b	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct
Motility	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	N/A	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 1	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 1 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗	biosafety level 2 ✗
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	FALSE	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗	true ✗
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Hemolysis	N/A	beta	beta	beta	beta	beta	beta	beta	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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