Avibacterium paragallinarum

General Information

Avibacterium paragallinarum is a bacterium of significant interest primarily due to its role as the causative agent of infectious coryza in poultry. This disease is characterized by acute respiratory symptoms, including nasal discharge, sneezing, and swelling of the infraorbital sinuses, which can lead to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. One of the most notable features of A. paragallinarum is its host specificity, as it predominantly affects chickens, making it a critical pathogen in avian veterinary medicine. The bacterium is also intriguing from a research perspective due to its complex antigenic structure. A. paragallinarum is classified into different serovars based on the antigenic properties of its outer membrane proteins. This antigenic diversity poses challenges for vaccine development and disease control, as immunity to one serovar does not necessarily confer protection against others. Moreover, A. paragallinarum has been a subject of study in understanding bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. The mechanisms by which it adheres to and invades the respiratory epithelium of chickens are areas of active research. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive measures. In addition to its veterinary importance, A. paragallinarum serves as a model organism for studying bacterial adaptation and evolution in host-specific environments. Its genome has been sequenced, providing insights into the genetic basis of its pathogenicity and its evolutionary relationship with other members of the Pasteurellaceae family. Overall, Avibacterium paragallinarum is a bacterium of considerable interest due to its economic impact on poultry farming, its complex antigenic diversity, and its role in advancing our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and host specificity.

Avibacterium paragallinarum is a significant pathogen primarily affecting poultry, particularly chickens. This bacterium is known for causing infectious coryza, a respiratory disease that can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry. The organism is characterized by its ability to produce a range of virulence factors, including exotoxins and adhesins, which facilitate its colonization and persistence in the host's respiratory tract. One of the most interesting aspects of A. paragallinarum is its genetic diversity, which can influence its pathogenicity and the severity of the disease it causes. This diversity is a critical factor for researchers studying the evolution of bacterial pathogens and their adaptation to host environments. The bacterium's genome has been sequenced, providing valuable insights into its metabolic pathways and potential targets for vaccine development. From a research perspective, A. paragallinarum serves as a model organism for studying host-pathogen interactions in avian species. Understanding how this bacterium evades the immune response of chickens can lead to the development of more effective vaccines and treatment strategies. Additionally, the study of its antibiotic resistance mechanisms is crucial, as it can inform broader efforts to combat antibiotic resistance in veterinary medicine. Overall, Avibacterium paragallinarum is not only a key player in poultry health but also a valuable subject for research in microbiology, immunology, and veterinary science, making it a unique organism of interest in both agricultural and scientific communities.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Pasteurellales

Family: Pasteurellaceae

Genus: Avibacterium

Species: Avibacterium paragallinarum

NCBI ID

728

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCA/011/765/605/GCA_011765605.1_ASM1176560v1

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCA_011765605.1_ASM1176560v1_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum is primarily known for its role in avian health, particularly in poultry. It is the causative agent of infectious coryza, a significant respiratory disease in chickens that can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry. The disease is characterized by nasal discharge, swelling of the face, and conjunctivitis, which can severely impact the overall health and productivity of affected flocks. In terms of pathogenicity, A. paragallinarum is known to evade the immune response of the host through various mechanisms, including the production of polysaccharide capsules that inhibit phagocytosis by immune cells. This ability to evade the immune system contributes to its virulence and the persistence of the infection within poultry populations. The organism is also associated with antimicrobial resistance, which poses a challenge for treatment. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics has been documented, making it crucial for veterinarians to conduct susceptibility testing before initiating therapy. This resistance can complicate the management of infectious coryza outbreaks, necessitating the development of alternative treatment strategies. In terms of medical applications, while A. paragallinarum is not directly linked to human health, its study is essential for understanding avian diseases and improving poultry health management practices. Vaccination strategies have been developed to control the spread of infectious coryza, highlighting the importance of this organism in veterinary medicine and its economic implications for the poultry industry. Overall, A. paragallinarum serves as a critical example of how a microorganism can significantly impact animal health and agricultural economics.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Avibacterium paragallinarum is primarily associated with the avian respiratory tract, particularly in domestic poultry such as chickens and turkeys. This bacterium is known to inhabit the nasal passages and upper respiratory system of birds, where it can thrive in the warm, moist environment provided by these habitats. Its presence is often linked to respiratory diseases, notably infectious coryza, which can significantly impact poultry health and productivity. In terms of ecological interactions, Avibacterium paragallinarum plays a notable role in the avian microbiome, where it can interact with other microbial species. These interactions can influence the overall health of the host birds, as well as their immune responses. The bacterium can also exhibit symbiotic relationships with other pathogens, potentially exacerbating respiratory conditions in infected birds. Furthermore, this microorganism demonstrates a degree of environmental adaptation, allowing it to persist in various conditions within poultry housing systems. It can survive in the presence of other competing microorganisms, which underscores its resilience and ability to thrive in the domestic poultry biome. Overall, Avibacterium paragallinarum is a significant inhabitant of the avian respiratory ecosystem, where it not only affects the health of its avian hosts but also interacts with the broader microbial community, highlighting its importance in poultry farming and avian health management.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Avibacterium paragallinarum is primarily known for its role in poultry health, particularly in the context of avian infectious coryza. While its direct industrial applications are limited compared to other microorganisms, it has potential implications in biotechnology and pharmaceutical development. In the realm of biotechnology, Avibacterium paragallinarum can be utilized in the development of vaccines aimed at preventing avian diseases. The organism's pathogenic mechanisms can be studied to create effective immunization strategies, which is crucial for the poultry industry to maintain flock health and productivity. This involves the use of fermentation processes to cultivate the bacterium for vaccine production. In terms of pharmaceutical development, understanding the virulence factors of Avibacterium paragallinarum can lead to the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Research into its metabolic pathways may reveal unique compounds that could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. While Avibacterium paragallinarum does not have a significant role in waste management or biofuel production, its study contributes to the broader field of microbial research, which can indirectly influence these areas through advancements in microbial biotechnology. Overall, the focus remains on its impact on poultry health and the potential for vaccine development, highlighting its importance in the agricultural sector.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	openchat/openchat-7b	google/gemini-pro	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemini-flash-1.5	google/gemini-flash-1.5	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b
Motility	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain positive ✗	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	facultatively anaerobic	N/A	aerotolerant ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	aerobic ✗	aerobic ✗	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	false	false	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓	biosafety level 2 ✓
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	false ✗	false ✗	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Hemolysis	gamma	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	alpha ✗	alpha ✗	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	N/A	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	coccus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	coccus	coccus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	bacillus	coccus	coccus	coccus	coccus

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