Pasteurella multocida

General Information

Pasteurella multocida is a fascinating microorganism with a wide range of implications in both veterinary and human medicine. This bacterium is known for its pathogenicity in various animal species, including livestock, poultry, and pets, making it a significant concern in agricultural and domestic settings. One of the most notable aspects of P. multocida is its role in causing pasteurellosis, a disease that can lead to severe respiratory infections, septicemia, and other systemic conditions. In addition to its veterinary importance, P. multocida is also a zoonotic pathogen, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. Human infections typically occur through animal bites or scratches, leading to conditions such as cellulitis, abscesses, and in more severe cases, systemic infections. This zoonotic potential underscores the importance of understanding and controlling P. multocida in both animal and human health contexts. From a research perspective, P. multocida is intriguing due to its genetic diversity and the presence of multiple serotypes, which complicates vaccine development and disease management. The bacterium's ability to produce a variety of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and capsule polysaccharides, contributes to its pathogenicity and makes it a subject of intense study for developing new therapeutic strategies. Moreover, P. multocida has been utilized in biotechnological applications, particularly in the production of recombinant proteins and vaccines. Its relatively simple growth requirements and well-characterized genetics make it a valuable tool in molecular biology and biotechnology research. In summary, Pasteurella multocida is a microorganism of significant interest due to its pathogenic potential, genetic diversity, and biotechnological applications. Its impact on both animal and human health, coupled with its utility in scientific research, makes it a critical subject of study in microbiology and infectious disease research.

Pasteurella multocida is a fascinating bacterium known for its role in veterinary medicine and its implications in zoonotic diseases. This organism is a small, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, and encapsulated bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the respiratory tract of many animals, particularly in domestic and wild mammals. What makes P. multocida particularly interesting is its ability to cause a variety of diseases in different species, including fowl cholera in birds and respiratory infections in cattle and pigs. One of the unique aspects of P. multocida is its genetic diversity, which is categorized into several serogroups and biovars. This diversity allows the bacterium to adapt to various hosts and environmental conditions, making it a subject of extensive research in microbial pathogenesis. The virulence factors of P. multocida include its polysaccharide capsule, which helps it evade the host's immune response, and various toxins that contribute to its pathogenicity. From a research perspective, P. multocida serves as a model organism for studying bacterial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Its well-characterized genome provides insights into the genetic basis of virulence and antibiotic resistance, which is increasingly important in the context of rising antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the bacterium's role in zoonotic transmission highlights the need for interdisciplinary research in public health, veterinary medicine, and ecology. In summary, Pasteurella multocida is not only significant in the context of animal health but also offers valuable insights into microbial behavior, disease mechanisms, and the complexities of host interactions, making it a key organism in both veterinary and biomedical research.

Taxonomy

Superkingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: Pseudomonadota

Class: Gammaproteobacteria

Order: Pasteurellales

Family: Pasteurellaceae

Genus: Pasteurella

Species: Pasteurella multocida

NCBI ID

747

Genome Info

FTP Path:
ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/all/GCF/002/073/255/GCF_002073255.2_ASM207325v2

File for sequence-based predictions:
GCF_002073255.2_ASM207325v2_genomic.fasta

Descriptions

Clinical Implications and Relevance

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The bacterium Pasteurella multocida is a significant pathogen known for its role in various infections in humans and animals. It is primarily associated with animal bites and scratches, particularly from cats and dogs, leading to conditions such as cellulitis and osteomyelitis. In immunocompromised individuals, the risk of severe infections increases, potentially resulting in systemic complications like sepsis. Pasteurella multocida exhibits pathogenicity through its ability to evade the immune response, utilizing factors such as polysaccharide capsules that inhibit phagocytosis. This organism is also known for its antimicrobial resistance, with some strains showing resistance to common antibiotics, complicating treatment options. In veterinary medicine, Pasteurella multocida is implicated in diseases such as fowl cholera and shipping fever in cattle, highlighting its importance in both human and animal health. While it is primarily a pathogen, there is ongoing research into the potential use of Pasteurella multocida in developing vaccines and therapeutics, particularly in the context of its role in biofilms and chronic infections. Understanding its mechanisms of pathogenicity and resistance is crucial for improving treatment strategies and preventing outbreaks associated with this organism.

Habitat and Ecological Niches

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

Pasteurella multocida is a versatile bacterium commonly associated with various habitats and ecological niches primarily linked to domestic and wild animals. This microorganism is often found in the oral cavity and nasal passages of mammals, including livestock and pets, where it plays a significant role in the health of its hosts. Its presence is particularly noted in environments where animals congregate, such as farms, zoos, and wildlife reserves. In these biomes, P. multocida can act as a commensal organism, coexisting with other microbial flora without causing harm. However, under certain conditions, such as stress or immunosuppression in the host, it can become pathogenic, leading to diseases like fowl cholera in birds and pasteurellosis in mammals. This dual role highlights its importance in the ecosystem, where it can shift from a benign presence to a harmful pathogen, influencing animal health and, consequently, the health of the entire biome. Furthermore, P. multocida is known for its interactions with other microorganisms, often engaging in symbiotic relationships that can enhance nutrient cycling and disease resistance within its habitat. Its adaptability to various environmental conditions, including temperature and pH variations, allows it to thrive in diverse settings, from rural agricultural lands to urban environments where domestic animals are present. Overall, the ecological significance of Pasteurella multocida lies in its ability to impact animal health, its role in microbial communities, and its potential to influence the dynamics of the biomes it inhabits.

Industrial Application

Source: gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

The microorganism Pasteurella multocida has several notable industrial applications primarily in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceutical development. This organism is known for its role in the production of various vaccines and therapeutics due to its pathogenicity in animals, particularly in livestock. The study of Pasteurella multocida has led to the development of vaccines that help prevent diseases such as fowl cholera and bovine respiratory disease, showcasing its importance in vaccine production. In addition to its role in vaccine development, Pasteurella multocida is also being explored for its potential in biodegradation processes. The organism has demonstrated the ability to degrade certain organic compounds, which can be harnessed in waste management applications. This capability can be particularly useful in treating waste streams that contain complex organic materials, thereby contributing to more sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of Pasteurella multocida are of interest in biotechnology. The organism produces various enzymes that can be utilized in industrial processes, such as enzyme production for biocatalysis in chemical reactions. These enzymes can facilitate the breakdown of substrates in a more environmentally friendly manner compared to traditional chemical processes. Overall, Pasteurella multocida presents a range of potential applications in biotechnology, waste management, and pharmaceutical development, making it a significant microorganism in various industrial sectors.

Phenotypes and Predictions

The table shows the phenotypes and predictions. Cell colors indicate the class of the value. When literature-based data is available, a checkmark (✓) indicates a correct prediction, while an ✗ indicates an incorrect prediction.

Literature-based phenotypes: 8

LLM predicted phenotypes: 5

Phenotype	High-quality annotation	anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet	openai/gpt-4o	openai/gpt-4o	meta-llama/llama-3-8b-instruct:nitro	google/palm-2-chat-bison-32k	openai/gpt-4	openai/gpt-4	google/gemini-flash-1.5	anthropic/claude-3-haiku:beta	meta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct:nitro	microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct	google/gemini-pro	google/gemini-pro	openchat/openchat-7b	mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-0125	google/gemini-pro-1.5	google/gemini-pro-1.5	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	perplexity/llama-3-sonar-small-32k-chat	google/gemma-7b-it	google/gemma-7b-it	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	microsoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro	mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct:nitro
Motility	N/A	false	false	false	true	true	false	false	false	true	false	true	true	true	true	true	false	false	false	false	true	true	true	true	false	false	true	true
Gram staining	gram stain negative	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓	N/A	gram stain negative ✓
Aerophilicity	facultatively anaerobic	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	facultatively anaerobic ✓	facultatively anaerobic ✓
Extreme environment tolerance	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Biofilm formation	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Animal pathogenicity	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Biosafety level	N/A	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2	biosafety level 2
Health association	N/A	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true	true
Host association	TRUE	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓	true ✓
Plant pathogenicity	FALSE	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	true ✗	true ✗	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓	false ✓
Spore formation	N/A	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false	false
Hemolysis	N/A	beta	gamma	gamma	beta	alpha	beta	beta	beta	beta	N/A	N/A	alpha	alpha	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	beta	beta	alpha	alpha	beta	beta	N/A	N/A
Cell shape	bacillus	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	coccus ✗	coccus ✗	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓	bacillus ✓

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